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姓名	蘇柏立(Po-Li Su)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	地球科學學系
論文名稱	台灣東北部地下三維高解析度P波速度構造與其地體構造意涵 (High‐resolution 3‐D P wave velocity structures under NE Taiwan and their tectonic implications)
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摘要(中)	本研究結合台灣東北部固定地震站與宜蘭平原密集地震網所觀測到的近震初達 P 波走時資料逆推台灣東北部的地下三維速度模型。結果相較於前人研究有較高的解析度,使本研究可以詳細檢視一些較為精細的速度異常構造,並探討他們在地體構造上的意涵。首先,本研究介紹並區分了兩種台灣周遭隱沒方向反轉機制的模型,分別是撕裂模型與斷離模型。兩者針對菲律賓海板塊與歐亞板塊在台灣東部的邊界及菲律賓海板塊隱沒至北台灣之下的西緣有不同的預測。以地體動力學的觀點來看,斷離模型與隱沒擠入體模型較相近,因為隱沒至北台灣底下的歐亞板塊斷離所造成的地函空窗,會使隱沒的菲律賓海板塊像是一個擠入體(indenter)向西移入。接著,本研究自逆推所得的菲律賓海板塊高速異常提取板塊邊界與隱沒的菲律賓海板塊西緣,發現兩者與隱沒擠入體模型描述的一致,因此本研究的觀測較支持斷離模型。此外,本研究在地函楔中觀測到一高速異常,可被解釋為先前隱沒到此區域的地殼產生榴輝岩化,或是其上覆板塊的地殼山根榴輝岩化。而在台北盆地與大屯火山群底下觀測到的低速異常與地函楔相連,暗示菲律賓海板塊在北台灣的隱沒對火山活動的影響,一方面可能是透過山脈垮塌引發地函上湧,也可能是透過隱沒板塊脫水效應產生液體。最後,宜蘭平原底下的低速異常向東連結到沖繩海槽,顯示與弧後擴張的關聯性。
摘要(英)	First P-wave arrival-time data from local earthquakes recorded by a dense geophone array deployed on the Ilan Plain and by existing permanent stations were combined to invert for high-resolution P-wave velocity structures under northeast Taiwan. With relatively high resolution, we were able to examine the structures in more detail and to investigate their significance and tectonic implications. We introduce two distinct groups of proposals for mechanisms of subduction polarity flipping in Taiwan, referred to as the “tear model” and “breakoff model”. While the predicted boundaries of the Philippine Sea Plate – the junction with the Eurasian Plate in eastern Taiwan and the west edge beneath northern Taiwan – differ between the two models, those of the breakoff model and the related subducting indenter model are geodynamically similar in that the mantle window opened by the detached Eurasian lithosphere beneath northern Taiwan facilitates the westerly movement of the Philippine Sea slab and thus the subducting indenter in eastern Taiwan. The surface junction as extrapolated and the west edge as determined by the imaged high Vp anomalous Philippine Sea Plate in this study comply with those predicted by the subducting indenter model and thus favor the breakoff model over the tear model. On the other hand, while the observed high Vp anomalous region in the mantle wedge can be explained as eclogitization of previously subducted crust, eclogitization of the overriding continental crustal roots cannot be ruled out. As for the low Vp anomalies, those beneath the Taipei Basin and the Tatun Volcano Group exhibit a pattern potentially connected to the low Vp anomalies in the mantle wedge, suggesting the involvement of the Philippine Sea slab, either by asthenospheric upwelling due to extensional collapse or by fluid migration due to slab dehydration. Those beneath the Ilan Plain exhibit a low Vp pattern surrounded by high Vp anomalies of the metamorphic rocks in the northern Taiwan mountain belt and extend to deeper origins in the eastern offshore region, suggesting a connection with the opening of the Okinawa Trough.
關鍵字(中)	★ 速度構造 ★ 層析成像 ★ 宜蘭平原 ★ 琉球隱沒帶 ★ 隱沒反轉 ★ 沖繩海槽	關鍵字(英)	★ travel-time tomography ★ flipping of subduction polarity ★ plate boundary ★ ryukyu subduction zone
論文目次	摘要 i Abstract ii 致謝 iii 目錄 iv 圖目錄 vi 表目錄 ix 第一章、緒論 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 1 1.2 論文架構 2 第二章、區域地質背景 3 2.1 區域地體架構 3 2.2 隱沒方向反轉的機制 7 2.2.1 撕裂模型 7 2.2.2 斷離模型 8 2.2.3 相關的地球物理觀測 8 第三章、研究資料 29 3.1 資料蒐集 29 3.2 資料處理 42 3.3 納入固定站資料 56 第四章、三維速度構造層析成像方法 60 4.1 理論背景 60 4.2 有限差分法層析成像(FDTOMO) 65 4.2.1 研究區域格點參數化 65 4.2.2 計算理論走時 65 4.2.3 計算波線路徑與建構算核G 67 4.2.4 逆推 68 4.2.5 解析度評估方法 70 第五章、結果 80 5.1 深度剖面 81 5.2 南北向鉛直剖面 84 5.3 三維立體圖 90 5.4 Spike測試 94 5.5 使用宜蘭地震網資料的效果 98 第六章、討論 100 6.1 與前人研究比較 100 6.2 淺部地體構造 105 6.3 以H1的形貌檢驗隱沒反轉機制模型 107 6.4 造山帶下的榴輝岩化與H2的解釋 109 第七章、結論 112 參考文獻 114 附錄A 122
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指導教授	陳伯飛	審核日期	2020-4-28
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