台灣地區電離層F層公尺級不規則體之研究

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林飛帆(Fei-Fan Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

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太空科學研究所

論文名稱

台灣地區電離層F層公尺級不規則體之研究

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摘要(中)

電離層不規則體過去曾由不同儀器進行研究，本文以特高頻雷達、中壢崙坪電離層探測儀、嶼那國島暉光影像、福衛三號COSMIC 衛星，透過不同儀器分析不同尺度之電離層不規則體相互關係，其有利於研究台灣上空F層電漿不規則體特性。同步定位雷達量測之電離層三公尺場列不規則體、暉光上之中尺度電離層行進擾動(MSTIDs)空間位置，三公尺場列不規則體出現在暉光影像耗損區西側邊界，暉光偵測之不同尺度之不規則體以幾乎一致速度30 m/s向東飄移，小尺度不規則體凍結在大尺度不規則體當中向東飄移。且擾動能量傳遞與雷達回波頻譜寬有緊密關係，電子濃度越高區域回波越大。以特高頻雷達觀測台灣北東南上空 (桃園、台東、屏東) F層場列不規則體具以下特徵：不規則體成團狀結構，頻譜寬平均值在30 m/s、平均都普勒速在40 m/s 靠近或遠離雷達站。將特高頻雷達回波訊號與電離圖訊號比較，得到幾項關聯性：在電離層不規則體產生初期，電離層探測儀接收到最大頻率與特高頻回波頻譜寬隨時間一致增加；電離圖散狀F層虛高變化與雷達回波高度有一致相同變化；當雷達回波頻譜寬變小、電離層擾動較微弱時，電離圖上出現反射訊號；當電離層不規則體產生時，電離圖最大頻率隨之先增加後降低。相關台灣上空公尺級電離層不規則體機制於本文中分析與探討。

摘要(英)

Ionosphere irregularities have been studied by using ionosondes, VHF radars, airglow images and satelites for several years. In the article, F region plasama irregularities are observed with the VHF radars, the Chung-Li Lunping ionosonde, the Yonaguni airglow image, and the Formosat-3 (COSMIC) satellite. By using the different instruments, the relation of the plasma distubulences detected can be studied at the different scales. The coordinated observation of the F region irregularities associated with the medium scale travelling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) shows that the radar echoes are located at the west edge of the depletion zones of the 630 nm airglow image. The bulk echo structures of the 3-m field aligned irregularities (FAIs) drifted eastward at a mean trace velocity of about 30 m/s that is in general agreement with the zonal trace velocity of the MSTIDs shown in the 630 nm airglow images. These results suggest that the observed F region 3-m FAIs for the present case can be regarded as the targets that are frozen in the local region of the MSTIDs. In addition, the radar-observed 3-m FAI echo intensity and spectral width bear high correlations to the percentage variations of the 630 nm emission intensity. By using the VHF radars in Taoyuan, Taitung and Pingtung, three-meter field-aligned irregularities (FAIs) occurred in nighttime F region over Taiwan. Interferometry measurements show that the plasma structures of the observed 3-m FAIs occurred in a height range of 250-350 km are in a in a clumpy shape. The mean spectral width of the radar echoes is about 30 m/s and the Doppler velocity of the radar echoes is about 40 m/s toward (away from) the radar station. Comparing the VHF radar and the ionosonde ehoes, the studies show that in the beginning of the plasma disturbulences, the maximum frequency on the ionogram increases with the spectral width of the VHF radar echoes. The height of the spread F is associated with height of the 3-m FAIs. The reflection signals are seen on ionograms when spectral widths of the radar echoes are small. The plausible causes of these results are analyzed and investigated in this article.

關鍵字(中)

★ 電離層
★ F層不規則體
★ 雷達
★ 暉光影像
★ 電離層探測儀
★ 閃爍訊號

關鍵字(英)

★ ionosphere
★ F region irregularities
★ radar
★ airglow images
★ ionosonde
★ S4 index

論文目次

第一章前言 1
第二章總論 6
2-1 赤道離子異常 6
2-2 重力波 7
2-3 Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T)不穩定 7
2-4雷達觀測到非線性過程引發之小尺度不規則體 8
2-5閃爍理論與閃爍指數 9
2-5-1 閃爍理論 9
2-5-2相位薄屏理論(Phase Screen Theory) 11
2-5-3 閃爍指數 12
2-6電離層探測儀 12
第三章儀器簡介與分析方法 14
3.1. 特高頻雷達簡介 14
3.1.1雷達簡介 14
3-1-2雷達干涉法 17
3-1-3 以用動差法(Moment Method)分析回波頻譜圖特性 22
3-2輝光影像技術 22
3-2-1去雜訊與格式轉換 23
3-2-2擾動變化計算 25
3-2-3影像資料轉距離座標 26
3-2-4計算天頂角 27
3-2-5計算方位角 28
3-3 電離層探測儀 31
3-4福爾摩沙衛星三號系統 33
第四章台灣附近上空電離層F層場列不規則體特徵統計 35
4-1時間-回波功率頻譜 37
4-2結合干涉法與動差法測量不規則體 40
4-3平均都普勒特性 45
4-4 高度分布特性 47
4-5 電漿結構 48
4-6 東西飄移速度 49
4-7 與E層頂場列不規則體特徵比較 50
4-8 討論 57
4-9小結 58
第五章電離層探測儀觀測不規則體之研究 59
5-1 預測回波區域比較 60
5-2 不同天所觀測到之散狀F層訊號 61
5-3 散狀F層最大頻率變化 66
5-4低頻區域、高頻區域虛高變化 69
5-5低頻區域、高頻區域訊號集中隨時間變化 72
5-6討論 75
5-6-1散狀F不規則體在電離圖高頻區域影響 76
5-6-2散狀F層不規則體在電離圖低頻區域影響 77
5-6-2 不規則體出現高度與電子濃度關係 78
5-6-3 南北半球赤道共軛對稱性 79
5-7 小結 88
第六章利用大氣暉光影像、衛星、雷達、電離層探測儀對不規則體與中尺度擾動關係研究 89
6-1 雷達干涉法實驗 89
6-2 630 nm波長大氣暉光影像 95
6-3 福爾摩沙衛星三號COSMIC 衛星量測 100
6-4 電離層探測儀量測 103
6-5.討論 106
6-6 小結 114
第七章綜合討論 116
第八章總結與未來展望 123
8-1總結 123
8-2未來展望 124
附錄A 雷達顯示系統建置 126
A-1系統環境 126
A-1-1系統硬體環境 126
A-1-2系統軟體環境 127
A-2程式架構圖 127
A-2-1自動轉檔程式 128
A-2-2 資料分析程式 129
A-2-3 資料顯示程式 129
附錄B以.NET架構與Matlab連結 132
參考文獻 141

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指導教授

朱延祥(Yen-Hsyang Chu)

審核日期

2016-9-29

推文