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姓名	黃郁淳(Yu-Chun Huang)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	太空科學與工程研究所
論文名稱	太空電漿中之中低頻波的研究 (A Study of Medium-and-Low-Frequency Waves in Space Plasma)
相關論文	★ 第23太陽週期之前半期大尺度日珥暗紋之研究 ★ 非週期不均勻電漿系統中靜電電漿動力數值模擬碼之設計與應用 ★ 利用台灣日震觀測網的太陽影像資料研究 太陽差動自轉的變化情形 ★ Simulation and Theoretical Study of the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instabilityin the MHD Plasmas ★ 太陽風中旋轉不連續面及非線性艾爾文波之數值模擬研究 ★ 無碰撞電漿中靜電雙流不穩定之數值模擬研究 ★ 靜電激震波之電漿動力數值模擬與理論研究 ★ 透過高頻電磁波加速電子來間接加速質子的數值模擬研究 ★ 磁流體力學中電漿團加速與磁場重聯率變化成因之數值模擬研究 ★ 利用強場電磁波產生高能質子束的數值模擬研究 ★ 太空電漿中跨尺度快波中速波與慢波的頻散關係之研究 ★ 極端AU指數事件之研究 ★ 擾動層厚度對 Kelvin-Helmholtz 不穩定之成長率隨波長分佈的影響 ★ 磁層與電離層耦合模式中磁層與電離層邊界條件對磁副暴發生時夜側極光弧分布之影響 ★ 理論與數值模擬研究次磁音速的寬頻Kelvin-Helmholtz不穩定波動成長率與非線性發展過程
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摘要(中)	地球磁層觀測到的合唱波(chorus waves)屬於電磁波，它們的波頻率範圍低於一個電子回旋頻率，卻遠高於一個質子回旋頻率。其中合唱波最引人注目的一個特徵就是在0.5個電子回旋頻率處有一個缺口(frequency gap)，也就是動態頻譜不連續。過去的研究認為0.5個電子回旋頻率的波發生Landau Damping，而導致動態頻譜關係圖(dynamic spectra)中的合唱波中在此頻率處有一個頻率缺口。然而，沒有發生頻率缺口的合唱波也被觀測到。本論文中，我們想要研究在電子質子雙流體電漿裡中低頻波的群速度分布，進而了解波能量的擴散情形。根據群速度分佈資訊來模擬準電磁波的區域擾動源所造成的動態頻譜關係，其中準電磁波表示電磁分量大於靜電分量。我們的理論結果指出快波(fast-mode)波頻率在0.5個電子回旋頻率附近的準電磁波都近乎沿背景磁場傳播，因為它們的群速度分布顯示ray angles非常地小，其中ray angles為群速度傳播方向與背景磁場方向的夾角大小。因此，我們提出當接收器與準電磁波的區域擾動源在同一條磁力管上時，沒有頻率缺口的電磁合唱波就會被觀測到。我們的結果也指出頻率缺口的寬度隨著ray angles變大而變寬。然而，我們也看到另一種沒有頻率缺口的合唱波，它們低於0.5個電子回旋頻率的波(lower-band waves)屬於準靜電波。除了升頻的合唱波外，我們也研究了降頻的哨波。我們找到兩種類型的電磁哨波解。一個是由快波模所得到的low-k_⊥ 哨波，它的群速度與相速度的方向都是近乎沿背景磁場。另一個則是由中速波模(intermediate-mode)所得到的high-k_⊥哨波，它的群速度也是近乎沿背景磁場，但相速度的方向卻是近乎垂直背景磁場。這種high-k_⊥哨波解可以解釋近期的文獻報告稱在地磁緯度11度也觀測到由閃電產生之哨波。
摘要(英)	Chorus waves are rising-tone electromagnetic waves with a frequency less than the electron cyclotron frequency but higher than the ion cyclotron frequency. The most noticeable feature of the chorus waves is the frequency gap at half the electron cyclotron frequency on the dynamic spectrum. Previous studies usually attribute the frequency gap to the Landau damping processes. However, chorus waves without a frequency gap have also been observed. In this thesis, the low- and medium-frequency waves in the ion-electron two-fluid plasma are studied in great detail. We examine the expansions of wave energy based on the group-velocity distribution of these waves. We mimic the dynamic spectra of the quasi-electromagnetic waves based on the Friedrichs’ diagrams of the group-velocity distribution when the waves are generated by a localized broadband disturbance. Our theoretical results indicate that the quasi-electromagnetic fast-mode waves have an extremely small expansion angle when the wave frequency is around half the electron cyclotron frequency. Therefore, we propose that the rising-tone electromagnetic chorus waves without a frequency gap can only be observed when the receiver is located in the same flux tube as the source disturbances of the chorus waves. Our results also indicate that the bandwidth of the frequency gap of the electromagnetic chorus waves increases with increasing ray angles of the waves. The group-velocity distributions of the quasi-electrostatic waves in the ion-electron two-fluid plasma have also been studied. No frequency gap is found in the dynamic spectrum of the rising-tone chorus waves when the lower-band waves are quasi-electrostatic. This result is consistent with recent observations. In addition to the rising-tone chorus waves, we also examine the falling tone whistler waves. We obtain two types of falling-tone electromagnetic whistler wave solutions. One of them is the well-known fast-mode low-k_⊥whistler waves, which is characterized by highly field-aligned group velocities and phase velocities. The other is the intermediate-mode high-k_⊥ whistler waves, which is characterized by highly field-aligned group velocity, but with phase velocity nearly perpendicular to the background magnetic field. The high-k_⊥ whistler waves can explain the recent observations of lightning-induced whistler waves at 11 degrees magnetic latitude.
關鍵字(中)	★ 合唱波 ★ 哨波 ★ 質子電子雙流體電漿 ★ 群速度分布	關鍵字(英)	★ chorus wave ★ whistler wave ★ ion-electron two-fluid plasma ★ group-velocity distribution
論文目次	目錄 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 iii 致謝 v 目錄 vi 圖目錄 viii 第一章 導論 1 第二章 長波極限下的磁流體波 7 2.1 回顧磁流體波的頻散關係 7 2.2 磁流體波的相速度與群速度之分布情形(Friedrichs diagrams) 12 2.3 磁流體電漿數值模擬：區域性速度擾動源在均勻磁流體電漿中的擴展情形研究 15 第三章 電子質子雙流體中的電漿波 19 3.1 電子質子雙流體電漿波的頻散關係 19 3.2 電子質子雙流體電漿中線性波的擾動電場 24 第四章 電子質子雙流體電漿中的哨波、合唱波及lower-Hybrid Waves 36 4.1 快波模波頻率介於0.2Ω_i≤ω≤0.8Ω_e之群速度分布情形(Friedrichs diagrams) 38 4.2 哨波及合唱波之模擬動態頻譜關係圖 46 4.3 哨波、合唱波及lower-Hybrid Waves的擾動電場特性 51 4.4 電子質子雙流體電漿中的Gendrin mode 58 第五章 電子質子雙流體電漿中的High-k_⊥哨波和Kinetic Alfvén Waves 62 5.1 High-k_⊥哨波 62 5.2 Kinetic Alfvén wave 71 第六章 總結與討論 75 參考文獻 79
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指導教授	呂凌霄(Ling-Hsiao Lyu)	審核日期	2020-7-20
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