橋梁直接基礎搖擺極限破壞分析

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李弘淵(Hung-yuan Lee) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

橋梁直接基礎搖擺極限破壞分析

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摘要(中)

近年地震對世界各地造成之重大災害，使隔震系統成為位於地震帶國家經常使用之耐震設計方式，藉由延長結構物自然振動週期，以降低引致之地震力，其效益更勝於傳統採用韌性設計之耐震系統。過去已有多位學者提出橋梁直接基礎搖擺機制如同隔震系統，並於震後發現直接基礎之搖擺機制可降低傳遞至上部結構之地震力，並且透過搖擺機制產生振動周期延長降低地震力，也可藉由土壤於大地震下之塑性行為吸收地震能量。
本研究旨在將已開發非線性土壤元素放入空間向量式有限元素計算流程中，建立土壤與基礎互制之模型驗證彈簧之正確性，並模擬橋梁於強震中土壤與基礎之高度非線性行為。
本研究採用空間向量式有限元素(3D Vector Form Intrinsic Finite Element)為結構動力分析方法，此方法適用於處理大變形、大變位、材料非線性與剛體運動等問題。為了模擬土壤與基礎互制關係，本研究參考UC Berkeley團隊非線性土壤彈簧模型(Beam-on-Nonlinear-Winkler Foundation)，此模型可用以模擬垂直向土壤(q-z spring)、水平雙向被動土壤(p-x & p-y spring)與土壤結構間摩擦力(t-x & t-y spring)，經由算例分析驗證此土壤彈簧之正確性，最後以五跨連續梁橋作為模型，探討其參數變化對橋梁之影響，並模擬至極限狀態，瞭解橋梁在在極限狀態下之橋梁反應。

摘要(英)

In recent years, the earthquake caused many disasters in the world. Many countries must be use the isolation system in seismic design. By prolonging the structural period to reduce the seismic force is better than traditional design. From researches we can see that the rocking response of spread foundation is a unique isolation system. After earthquakes, the rocking mechanism of spread foundation can reduce the seismic force of the main structure, besides it can extend the period of structure and decrease the seismic force. In addition, the soil will generate the plastic behavior and absorb the seismic energy under the extreme earthquake.
This study aims to place the nonlinear soil spring to the 3D-VFIFE calculation process. Modeling soil and foundation interaction system to verify the correctness of the nonlinear soil spring, and simulate the bridge’s extreme behavior in the earthquake.
3D Vector Form Intrinsic Finite Element, a new computational method is adopted in this study because the VFIFE has the superior in managing the engineering problems with material nonlinearity, discontinuity, large deformation and arbitrary rigid body motions of deformable bodies. In order to simulate the interaction between soil and foundation, the study reference UC Berkeley team’s soil spring (Beam-on-Nonlinear-Winkler Foundation). This model can simulate the vertical soil (q-z spring), lateral passive soil (p-x & p-y spring) and the friction force between soil and foundation (t-x & t-y spring). Through numerical simulation of examples to verify the soil element model are feasible and accurate. Finally, five-span continuous bridge as a model to investigate the effect of the parameter changes, and to understand the bridge behavior in ultimate condition.

關鍵字(中)

★ 空間向量式有限元素
★ 橋梁
★ 動力分析
★ 直接基礎
★ 搖擺機制
★ 土壤彈簧
★ 極限狀態

關鍵字(英)

★ 3D-VFIFE
★ bridge
★ dynamic analysis
★ spread foundation
★ rocking mechanism
★ soil spring
★ ultimate state

論文目次

摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ
誌謝 Ⅲ
目錄 Ⅳ
表目錄 Ⅶ
圖目錄 Ⅷ
第一章緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.1.1直接基礎搖擺機制 2
1.2文獻回顧 3
1.2.1向量式有限元素法 3
1.2.2直接基礎搖擺機制 7
1.3論文架構 10
第二章空間向量式有限元素法 12
2.1結構離散模式 13
2.2質點運動方程式 13
2.3運動軌跡離散化 17
2.4變形與內力計算 18
2.4.1空間梁元素之移動基礎架構 20
2.4.2節點位移與梁元素變形 26
2.4.3內力計算 30
2.5隱式Newmark-β直接積分計算程序 36 2.6 雷利阻尼分析 42
第三章土壤與直接基礎互制關係 60
3.1前言 60
3.2土壤彈簧勁度之相關規範與計算 61
3.2.1公路橋樑耐震設計規範之補充研究 62
3.2.2日本道路橋示方書．同解說 66
3.2.3公路橋樑耐震性能設計規範解說 69
3.3溫克勒模型 71
3.3.1垂直向土壤彈簧 71
3.3.2水平向被動土壤彈簧 74
3.3.3水平向剪力土壤彈簧 77
3.4極限承載容量 80
3.4.1垂直向極限承載容量 80
3.4.2水平向被動極限承載容量 82
3.4.3水平向剪力土極限承載容量 84
3.4土壤阻尼 84
第四章數值算例驗證 93
4.1非線性土壤彈簧之建立 93
4.1.1垂直向土壤彈簧 93
4.1.2水平向被動土壤彈簧 94
4.1.3水平向剪力土壤彈簧 97
4.2空間向量式有限元素法驗證 99
4.3土壤彈簧元素之空間向量式有限元素分析 100
4.3.1土壤彈簧參數計算 100
4.3.2土壤彈簧驗證 101
4.4小結 104
第五章橋梁實例分析與參數研究 119
5.1目標橋梁與分析模型 119
5.2數值分析模型 120
5.2.1上部結構模擬 120
5.2.2下部結構模擬 123
5.2.3支承系統模擬 124
5.2.4防止落橋裝置模擬 125
5.2.5土壤彈簧參數 127
5.3線性與非線性土壤彈簧 129
5.4參數探討 132
5.4.1標準貫入試驗N值 132
5.4.2基礎尺寸大小 136
5.4.3不同向地震紀錄下橋梁反應 141
5.5小結 145
5.6全橋極限破壞分析 146
第六章結論與未來展望 205
參考文獻 209

參考文獻

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指導教授

李姿瑩

審核日期

2014-10-13

推文