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以作者查詢圖書館館藏 、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士 、以作者查詢全國書目 、勘誤回報 、線上人數：146 、訪客IP：18.191.157.186
姓名 曾正偉(Cheng-Wei Tseng) 查詢紙本館藏 畢業系所 能源工程研究所 論文名稱 稻殼於流體化床進行快速裂解產製生質燃油之研究
(Fast pyrolysis of rice husks in a fluidized-bed for bio-oil production)相關論文 檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式]
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摘要(中) 根據國際能源總署（International Energy Agency，IEA）2011年的統計資料，目前生質能為全球第四大能源，僅次於石油、煤及天然氣，供應了全球約19%的初級能源需求，同時也是目前最廣泛使用的再生能源，約占世界所有再生能源應用的80%。
生質燃料是一種從可再生生物資源，例如生質物，已處理城市廢棄物以及工業垃圾所製造的燃料。生質燃料被廣泛的分類為初級生質燃料與次級生質燃料。本研究以稻殼之生質物為原料，並由流體化條件、液態產率及熱裂解條件與化學分析進行相關研究與探討。
首先，影響最小流體化速度的因素主要有：顆粒直徑、流體黏度等；當載氣流速在0.35m/s (2.33umf)時，平均生質油產率約在20wt%左右，優於其他流速，此時流體化床狀態較佳，使得生質原料裂解效果較好，生質油pH值酸性較弱，酸性物質不易與生質油本身發生二次反應，化學性質安定。溫度對於流體化床壓降的影響不大，同一粒徑的壓降值幾乎相同；當床質尺寸為0.40mm (粒徑比為5.15)時，生質油產率表現最佳(32.18wt%)，流體化程度較完整，碳轉化率最高，生質油pH值酸性較弱，不易發生二次反應，性質安定，元素種類含量，以C、H、O三元素佔大多數，其中碳元素含量最高(約20wt%)，氫元素則在10-15wt%，氮元素與硫元素極低，其餘為氧元素。
第二，在反應溫度500℃時，生質油產率較高 (23wt%-32wt%)，而焦炭與合成氣則隨之下降，HHV表現較佳 (7254.1kcal/kg)，pH值酸性較弱，生質油裂解及轉換效率較佳，反應較完全。另因升溫模式的TGA分析模型已有研究者完成，且等溫模式到達穩態溫度所需的時間較短，反應條件較穩定，故本研究使用模式為等溫模式TGA測定原料之熱重損失，觀測原料裂解之特性，並利用等溫模式計算其裂解反應動力參數；熱裂解後生質油化合物的面積濃度含量較明顯的為：Acetic anhydride(乙酸酐)、1,2-benzenediol(鄰苯二酚)、2-methylphenol(2-甲基苯酚)、phenol(苯酚)。
最後，由相關係數判斷，在粒徑等於0.1、0.4、0.8mm時，流體化壓降對生質油產率為負相關，壓降越小(越接近0.30m/s，2umf)，生質油產率越大，可見最小起泡流體化速度umb (實際操作氣速)相當接近0.30m/s (2umf)；液態產物中，甲基環戊烯醇酮的表現極突出，在碳元素含量、生質油HHV、生質油pH值變化均呈正相關；而乙酸酐、甲苯則在碳元素含量、碳轉化率、生質油HHV變化為負相關；對苯甲酚(4-methylphenol)在碳轉化率呈高度正相關。摘要(英) The research can be discussed in two aspects, including fluidizing condition-liquid yield and pyrolysis condition-chemical analysis.
Firstly, the main factor that affects minimum fluidizing velocity (umf) is particle size. When gas velocity falls on 2.33 umf, average oil yield is about 20wt.% which is better than other values, and the pH value is higher, which means bio-oil is hard to second-react with acidic matters in it. Temperature doesn’t have many things to do with fluidizing pressure drop as the value of each size keeps the same; When particle size falls on 0.40mm, there is the best yield of all, 32.18 wt.%. And carbon conversion rate is also higher as acidity is weaker. C, H, O three elements take the majority in bio-oil. For C, is about 20wt.%, for H, is about 10-15wt.%, for the rest part is O as N and S are very few.
Secondly, at 500℃, there are higher oil-yield of 23wt%-32wt%, and so as HHV, the best one is 7254.1kcal/kg. And acidity is weaker while conversion rate is better. For the reason that TGA analysis models of biomass in heating mode have been set up by some researchers while isothermal mode haven’t and needs shorter time to reach steady temperature, this research use isothermal mode to test the thermal-gravimetric loss of biomass observe the properties of pyrolysis, and calculate the pyrolysis dynamic parameters. The chemicals that have apparent area concentration in bio-oil are Acetic anhydride, 1,2-benzenediol, 2-methylphenol and phenol.
Finally, consider those correlation coefficients, the fluidizing pressure drops are negatively related to oil yields. When pressure drops get smaller, closer to 2 umf, the oil yields get higher, which means that the minimum bubbling velocity, umb, is quite close to 2umf ; In chemicals contained in the oil, 2-hydroxyl-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one is dominant in carbon content, HHV and pH value, and is positively related to them; Meanwhile, acetic anhydride and toluene are negatively related to carbon content, HHV, carbon conversion rate; 4-methylphenol is highly positively related to carbon conversion rate.關鍵字(中) ★ 生質物
★ 氣泡式流體化床
★ 快速熱裂解
★ 生質柴油關鍵字(英) ★ biomass
★ bubble fluidized-bed
★ fast pyrolysis
★ bio-oil論文目次 中文提要 ....................................................... ................ .............. ........... ..... ……. iv
英文提要 ……...................................................... ................ ............. ........... ..... …….v
誌謝 . ................ ........................................................................... ............ ..... ............. vi
目錄 ....................... ............................. ................ ................ ..................................vii
表目錄 ….... ................ ...................................................... ................. ..... ..... ……ix
圖目錄 ...................................................... .................. ........... ............ ..... ...............x
符號說明.................................................................... .................. .......... ............ ..... ……. xiii
1. 第一章緒論....... ................ ............................................................. ...... ............ ........ ....1
1.1. 顆粒流暨生質能簡介......................................... .................. ..... ....... .. .......... ........ .....1
1.2. 流體化與流體化床.................................................. ................ .............. ......... ........ .....1
1.2.1. 氣泡式流體化床的特點……………………….………………………….. ........ ......3
1.2.2. 流體化的評估方法…………………………….………………………….. ........ ......3
1.2.3. 粒子流體化差異的分類……………………….………………………….. ........ ......4
1.2.4. 最佳(氣泡) 流體化速度之決定……………….…………………………. ........ ......4
1.2.5. 流體化載氣之決定……………….……………………………………….. ........ ......5
1.3. 生質能概論.................................................... ....... ........................................... ........ .....5
1.3.1. 生質燃料之分類............................................ ................. ................ ............. ........ ....5
1.3.2. 生質原料–稻殼簡介…………………………….……………………….. ........ ........7
1.3.3. 生質物快速熱裂解............................................... ................ ...... ....... ……........ ......7
1.3.3.1. 生質物熱裂解參數………………………….……………………………........ .......8
1.3.3.2. 生質物熱裂解粒徑………………………….………………………….. ........ ........8
1.3.3.3. 生質物熱裂解溫度…………………………………………………….. ........ ...... ..9
1.3.3.4. 生質物熱裂解熱值…………………………………………………….. ........ ...... ..9
1.4. 前後端分析…………………………………….…………………………........ .......... ..9
1.4.1. 由TGA分析計算化學反應動力係數………….…….………………….. ........ .........9
1.4.2. 等溫模式與升溫模式熱重損失比較…………..…….…………………. ................10
1.4.3. 後端-GC/MS 分析…………………………….…………………………................10
1.5. 研究動機、目的與架構……………………………………………………. ..............10
2. 第二章實驗設備、步驟及參數…...................................... .................. ....... .. ............12
2.1. 實驗顆粒體................................................. ................ ............. …....... ........... ........ ..12
2.1.1. 床質材料…................................................. ................ ................ ….......... .............12
2.1.2. 生質物材料……............................................ ................ ................ ........... .............12
2.2. 實驗設備與儀器........................................... ................ …. ....... ..... ……….. ............12
2.2.1. 實驗及量測儀器…………………………………..……………………..…............12
2.3. 分析儀器.................................................... ........ ........ ......... ........ ........ ........ ............13
2.3.1. 熱重分析儀.............................................. ........... ................ ….............. ........ ........13
2.3.2. 氣相色譜法¬¬－質譜法聯用GC-MS............................. ........... .............. ........ ........14
2.3.3. 熱卡計.. ........................................... ........... ................ .......................... ........ ........14
2.4. 分析參數................................................. ................ ............. ...... ........... ........ ..........14
2.4.1. 進料速率................................................ .............. ................ ............ ........ ............14
2.4.2. 生質物/惰性床質粒徑大小................................. ................ ............. ........ ............15
2.4.3. 入口風速................................................ .. ................ ................ ....... ........ ............15
2.4.4. 熱裂解溫度.............................................. ................ ................ ........ ........ ............15
2.4.5. 逆壓流量當量計算........................................ ........... ................ ....... ........ ............15
2.5. 實驗流程及步驟.............................................. ........... .... .... ........ ..... ... ........ ..........17
2.5.1. 實驗配置................................................. ........... ......... .. ..... ........... .. ........ ..........17
2.5.2. 實驗步驟................................................. ........... .......... .. ..... .... ..... .... ........ ........17
3. 第三章流體化與生質油產率....................................... ........... ................. ..... ........ ...18
3.1. 流體化評估方法................................. ........ ................ ..... ....... ..... ….. ......... ..........18
3.2. 氣、液、固態產物分析...................................... ........... ................ .......... ......... ......19
3.3. 生質油產率與流體化程度之相關係數研究……………………………......... .........20
4. 第四章熱裂解與化學分析……………………………………………………..... ......21
4.1. 裂解反應動力參數之計算.................................. ................ ..... ..... …….. ......... ......21
4.2. 生質油品成分GC-MS分析..................................... ........... ................ ... ......... .......22
4.3. 生質油基本元素EA分析...................................... ........... ................ ..... ......... .......23
4.4. 生質油碳轉化率分析……………………………………………………. ........ .......23
4.5. 生質油熱值分析........................................... ........... ................ ................. ........ ......23
4.6. pH值分析................................................... ........... ................ ................... ........ ......24
4.7. 元素分析、熱值分析和pH值與GC-MS分析之相關係數研究…….. ........ ........24
4.7.1. 生質油碳元素含量與GC-MS分析之相關係數研究………………. ........ ........25
4.7.2. 生質油碳轉化比率與GC-MS分析之相關係數研究………………........ ..........25
4.7.3. 生質油燃燒熱值與GC-MS分析之相關係數研究…………………........ ..........25
4.7.4. 生質油pH值與GC-MS分析之相關係數研究……………………........ ...........26
4.7.5. GC-MS分析相關係數綜合討論……………………………………. ........ .........26
5. 第五章結論..................................................... ........... ................ .............. ........ .......27
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