Investigating the influential factors of public bicycle system and cyclist heterogeneity

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陳敬典(Ching-Tien Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

(Investigating the influential factors of public bicycle system and cyclist heterogeneity)

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摘要(中)

隨著環境議題備受重視，公共自行車系統(public bicycle system, PBS)在世界各國逐漸流行。本研究調查了影響使用公共自行車系統之因素及其相互關係，以計畫行為理論(theory of planned behavior, TPB)與科技接受模式(technology acceptance model, TAM)作為研究的基礎框架，利用 (1) 偏最小平方結構方程模式(partial least squares structural equation modeling, PLS-SEM)探究因素間之路徑關係； (2) 偏最小平方多群組分析(partial least squares multi-group analysis, PLS-MGA)闡述可觀測的異質性，如：城市與性別的調節效果，以及 (3) 有限混合偏最小平方法(finite mixture partial least squares, FIMIX-PLS)探索不可觀測的異質性。為了進行實證分析，本研究在台北及台中蒐集了520個有效樣本，結果顯示： (1) 在計畫行為理論與科技接受模式中，除了主觀規範外，其餘的因子均會直接或間接影響行為意向； (2) 其他納入的影響因素，如：習慣、環境關懷以及公共自行車系統的基礎設施滿意度皆顯著正影響行為意向； (3) 異質性分析表明，城市與性別對模型中部分路徑存有調節效果，並於使用者中辨別出兩潛在類別。最後，提出研究結論、意涵與未來研究方向。

摘要(英)

As environmental concern increases, public bicycle system (PBS) is becoming more and more popular worldwide. This research investigates interrelationships of factors influencing PBS. The research framework is constructed mainly based on theory of planned behavior (TPB) and technology acceptance model (TAM). The research framework is then analyzed with (1) partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) for exploring path relationships of influential factors of PBS, (2) partial least squares multi-group analysis (PLS-MGA) for elaborating observed heterogeneity, like city and gender, and (3) finite mixture partial least squares (FIMIX-PLS) for unobserved heterogeneity. To conduct the empirical study, we collected a sample of 520 respondents from Taipei and Taichung cities in Taiwan. The result shows: (1) Except for subjective norm, all factors drawn from TPB and TAM can exert influence and explain, either directly or indirectly, the effect on the behavior intention of using PBS, (2) Additional factors, such as habit, environmental concern, and satisfaction with PBS infrastructure, indicate positive effect on behavior intention of using PBS, (3) Heterogeneous analysis reveals that city and gender exert partial moderation effect, and two latent classes can be identified among cyclists. In the end, discussion and implications for future research are given.

Highlights:

►Include TPB, TAM and some added relevant factors in the proposed research framework.
►Investigate the interrelationships among influential variables using PLS-SEM model.
►Elaborate observed heterogeneity caused by city and gender using PLS-MGA model.
►Explore unobserved heterogeneity of PBS cyclists, two latent classes, with FIMIX-PLS.
►Use FIMIX-PLS rather than traditional clustering that ignores path model relations.

關鍵字(中)

★ 公共自行車系統
★ 異質性
★ 多群組
★ 潛在類別

關鍵字(英)

★ public bicycle system
★ heterogeneity
★ multi-group
★ latent class

論文目次

Table of contents
Abstract i
中文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
Table of contents iv
List of figures vi
List of tables vii
1. Introduction 1
2. Theoretical background and hypotheses 3
2.1 Theoretical background 4
2.2 Hypotheses 4
2.2.1 Interrelationship determined by Theory of Planned Behavior and its extension 4
2.2.2 Interrelationship determined by the Technology Acceptance Model 5
2.2.3 Interrelationship between habit and other relevant factors 6
2.2.4 Interrelationship between environmental concern and other relevant factors 7
2.2.5 Interrelationship between satisfaction with PBS infrastructure and other relevant factors 8
2.2.6 Moderation effect caused by heterogeneous travelers 8
2.2.6.1 Moderation effect caused by travelers with observed heterogeneity 8
2.2.6.2 Moderation effect caused by travelers with unobserved heterogeneity 9
2.2.7 Framework of research model 10
3. Research methods 14
3.1 Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) versus covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) 14
3.2 Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with considerations on heterogeneity 16
3.2.1 Partial least squares multi-group analysis (PLS-MGA) 16
3.2.2 Finite mixture partial least squares (FIMIX-PLS) 16
4. Measures 18
5. Empirical results 20
5.1 Data collection 20
5.2 Descriptive statistics 20
5.3 Common method variance 22
5.4 Measurement model 23
5.4.1 Reliability 23
5.4.2 Validity 25
5.5 Test of hypotheses 28
5.6 Heterogeneous analysis 30
5.6.1 Analysis on observed heterogeneity 30
5.6.2 Analysis on unobserved heterogeneity 32
5.7 Summary 37
6. Discussion and practical implications 37
7. Contribution and limitation 39
7.1 Contribution 39
7.2 Research limitations and future research 41
References 43
Appendix A: Structural configuration for the TPB, TAM and Combined TPB and TAM model 51
Appendix B: Procedure for applying PLS-SEM and FIMIX-PLS 52
Appendix C: Measurement items 54
Appendix D: Descriptive statistics for measurement items 58
Appendix E: The significance level for outer loadings and outer weights 60

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指導教授

陳惠國(Huey-Kuo Chen)

審核日期

2016-8-3

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