活性碳之粒徑與表面官能基以及所搭配的電解質配方對超高電容特性之影響

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陳侹浩(Ting-Hao Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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材料科學與工程研究所

論文名稱

活性碳之粒徑與表面官能基以及所搭配的電解質配方對超高電容特性之影響
(The effect on supercapacitor property by particle size and functional group of activated carbon combine with different electrolyte composition)

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摘要(中)

「電極材料」和「電解液」都對於超高電容器的性能具有一定程度的影響，因此本研究將針對此兩大部分進行影響電化學性質的效應探討，了解其分別在超高電容儲能方面扮演的角色。

在第一部分，我們選用活性碳作為電極材料，分別針對其粒徑尺寸及表面官能基的含量進行控制，期望去尋找一個能夠在電極塗佈性、電極阻抗、電極穩定性之間取得平衡的最適化條件。

在第二部分，我們選用了各種不同的電解液，包含氧化還原活化電解液(redox-active electrolyte)，以及具有不同陽離子大小的電解液。在添加TEAI後的電解液中，其能夠透過離子進行氧化還原反應提供額外的擬電容值，但其庫侖效率與循環穩定性不佳，將不做深入的探討。於是，我們從另一方面去改善電容性能，透過改變電解液中陽離子的大小，使其更容易進入電極材料的微孔內，藉此來提高電容值，我們亦搭配不同孔洞結構的材料，對於其與電解液離子尺寸的關係做系統性的探討。

摘要(英)

"Electrode Materials" and "Electrolyte" have a certain degree of influence on the performance of supercapacitor. Therefore, this study will discuss the effect of these two parts on the electrochemical properties of supercapacitor.

In the first part, we use activated carbon as the electrode material. By control its particle size and surface functional groups respectively, hoping to find a balance conditions between the coating, resistance and stability of electrode. First, we grind the activated carbon into different particle size to find the conditions that can achieve optimum capacitance properties.

In the second part, we selected a variety of different electrolytes, including a redox-active electrolyte, and electrolytes with different cation sizes. In the electrolyte after adding TEAI, it can provide an additional pseudocapacitance by the redox reaction of ions, but its coulombic efficiency and cycle stability are poor, and will not be discussed in detail. On the other hand, we improve the capacitance performance by changing the cation size of electrolyte, making it easier to enter the pores of the electrode material, thereby increasing the capacitance. We also use the material with different pore structure, to do a systematic discussion of its relationship to the ion size of the electrolyte.

關鍵字(中)

★ 超高電容
★ 粒徑尺寸
★ 官能基
★ 離子尺寸
★ 孔洞尺寸

關鍵字(英)

★ supercapacitor
★ particle size
★ functional group
★ ion size
★ pore size

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 xii
一、前言 1
二、文獻回顧 3
2-1 超高電容器簡介 3
2-1-1 電雙層電容器 (electric double-layer capacitors) 3
2-1-2 擬電容器 (pseudo-capacitors) 4
2-2 影響電雙層電容器電容值的因素 7
2-3 活性碳材料特性對電容性質的影 8
2-3-1 活性碳粒徑大小 8
2-3-2 表面官能基含量 10
2-3-3 孔洞尺寸分布 14
2-4 超高電容器電解質對電容性質的影響 20
2-4-1 氧化還原活化電解質 22
2-4-2 陽離子尺寸大小 27
三、實驗步驟 35
3-1 電極材料之準備 35
3-1-1 減少活性碳粒徑尺寸 35
3-1-2 去除表面官能基 35
3-1-3 商用活性碳之取得 36
3-2 材料特性分析 37
3-2-1 鑑定表面官能基含量 37
3-2-2 電極表面形貌觀察及元素分析 37
3-2-3 比表面積及孔洞分布的量測 37
3-3 電解液之製備 38
3-3-1 氧化還原活化電解質的添加 38
3-3-2 不同陽離子尺寸大小電解液的配製 38
3-4 活性碳於有機電解液中電化學性質之評估 40
3-4-1 電極之製備 40
3-4-2 電極片孔隙率的量測 40
3-4-3 鈕扣電池之組裝 40
3-4-4 電化學性質之評估 41
四、結果與討論 43
4-1 活性碳電極的不同效應探討 43
4-1-1 研磨後活性碳材料性質分析 43
4-1-2 不同粒徑尺寸活性碳的電極特性 43
4-1-3 不同粒徑尺寸活性碳的電化學穩定性 44
4-1-4 氮氣熱處理後之活性碳材料性質分析 45
4-1-5 不同溫度氮氣熱處理之活性碳的電極特性 45
4-1-6 不同溫度氮氣熱處理之活性碳的電化學穩定性 46
4-1-7 高溫老化測試後材料特性分析 47
4-2 活性碳於不同電解液的效應探討 69
4-2-1 氧化還原活化電解質的效應 69
4-2-2 陽離子尺寸大小的效應 74
4-2-3 不同活性碳孔洞結構的影響 75
4-2-4 電解液陽離子大小對於中孔材料電容性質的影響 84
4-2-5 電解液陽離子大小對於微孔材料電容性質的影響 87
4-2-6 電解液陽離子大小對於循環穩定性的影響 90
五、結論 110
參考文獻 112

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指導教授

張仍奎(Jeng-Kuei Chang)

審核日期

2017-5-15

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