都市化與發展：對海地永續發展之意涵

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姓名

馬納西(Manassé ELUSMA) 查詢紙本館藏

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國際永續發展碩士在職專班

論文名稱

都市化與發展：對海地永續發展之意涵
(Urbanization and Development: Implication to Sustainable Development in Haiti)

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摘要(中)

永續發展是發展過程中一個不容忽視的重要課題。但在海地，永續發展顯然並沒有被適當地計畫在發展過程中。人口的成長導致經濟資源分配失衡，近期研究顯示迅速且未經妥善規劃的都市化是威脅海地社經的重大因素，因此我們可以發現都市化和發展之間存在著非常複雜的關係。此研究透過迴歸分析及比較社會科學方法來檢視海地的都市化和經濟發展對其永續發展的影響。此分析建立在全球地理範圍上，時間範圍為過去25年。研究結果顯示過去25年都市化的程度有劇烈的成長。資料同時也支持都市化程度跟人類發展指數(Human Development) 及人均國內生產總值 (GDP per capita) 有很大的相關。在海地發生了非常劇烈的人口增長，但生活水平卻沒有相對提升來因應此變化。因此，本研究結論顯示國家無法透過增加都市化的程度來提升人民福祉，尤其政府所主導的都市化更沒辦法達成此目標。再者，研究結果也顯示當經濟發展呈算術成長、人口發展卻呈指數或幾何成長時，永續發展的目標是無法達成的。

摘要(英)

Sustainable development remains one of the most crucial development concepts nowadays. Signs of progress towards its achievement in Haiti seem to be not correlated. And also, the population growth is not parallel to the economic resources of the country. Recent studies identify rapid and unplanned urbanization as a major threat. So, there is a perplexing relationship between urbanization and development. This study analyzes the scenario (Urbanization and Development) and their implication on sustainable development in Haiti, using the regression analysis method and the comparative social science approach. The analysis has been conducted on a global geographic scale, while the time scale of the study covers the last 25 years. Results show that urbanization levels have changed extensively during this period. Data findings support the general idea of close link between urbanization levels and Human Development (HD) as well as a significant evidence correlation with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita at all levels. Moreover, an unprecedented demographic disaster was identified at the country level but with almost no improvement of the living conditions of the population. Hence, this study concludes that a given country cannot obtain the expected human wellbeing improvement from accelerated urbanization, especially if it takes the form of government-led urbanization. In addition, the sustainable development goals cannot be achieved in a country where the economic growth is in arithmetic way while the population growth is in exponential or geometric way.

關鍵字(中)

★ 永續發展
★ 都市化
★ 人類發展
★ 經濟成長
★ 海地

關鍵字(英)

★ Sustainable Development
★ Urbanization
★ Human Development
★ Economic Growth
★ Haiti

論文目次

CHINESE ABSTRACT…...............................................i
ABSTRACT...............................................ii
AKNOWLEDGMENT.........................................iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................iv
LIST OF FIGURES.......................................vii
LIST OF TABLES....................................…..viii
ABBREVIATIONS...........................................1
1.1. Objectives.....................................3
1.1.1. General objective...............................3
1.1.2. Specific objectives.............................3
1.2. Limitations....................................4
CHAPTER II LITTERATURE REVIEW...........................5
2.1. The Concept of Sustainable Development.........5
2.2. Urbanization Dynamics and Human Development in Developing countries....................................6
2.3. Urbanization Dynamics in Haiti.................8
2.4. Cause of Urbanization in Haiti................13
2.5. Economic Context of Haiti.....................13
2.6. Environmental Situation. Vulnerability to Natural Disasters......................................16
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY................................18
3.1. Research Design and Data Collection...........18
3.2. Data Analyzing................................18
3.3. The Human Development Approach................21
3.3.1. Human Development Index........................22
3.4. Assessing Relative Progress of Haiti to other Countries..............................................25
3.5. The Context of National Development Planning in Haiti..................................................26
iv
CHAPTER IV RESULTS.....................................28
4.1. The Correlation of Urbanization and Human Development Index......................................28
4.2. The Correlation of Urbanization and Economic Growth.................................................30
4.2.1. Scatter Plot of level of Urbanization and HDI of the Selected Group of Countries..............................................32
4.2.2. Chart Plot of distance in term of HDI and URB of HAITI from the selected Group of Countries.............36
4.3. Status of Human Development Index in Haiti....40
4.3.1. Health ........................................42
4.3.2. Education .....................................43
4.3.3. Living Standard ...............................46
4.4. Current Status of the three Pillars of Sustainable Development in Haiti.......................48
4.4.1. Environment Sustainability.....................48
4.4.2. Social Inclusion...............................50
4.4.3. Economy........................................54
4.4.4. Good Governance................................56
CHAPTER V DISCUSSIONS..................................58
5.1. Correlation Analysis..........................60
5.2. Responses to the Problems of Urbanization. Sustainable Urban Development..........................61
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...............65
REFERENCE..............................................69

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指導教授

姜壽浩(Shou-Hao Chiang)

審核日期

2016-7-13

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