考慮碳權之供應商選擇問題

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姓名

蘇世昕(SHI-XIN SU) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

工業管理研究所

論文名稱

考慮碳權之供應商選擇問題
(Selection of Resource Supplier Considering Carbon Trade)

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至系統瀏覽論文 ( 永不開放)

摘要(中)

近年來人們為了減緩氣候變遷所帶來的災害，積極的召開環保會議設定目標並提出具體做法做出改善。我國立法院已於2015三讀通過了《溫室氣體減量及管理法》，此作法除了使溫室氣體無價變有價以外，《溫室氣體減量及管理法》也把溫室氣體減量目標具體訂定，我國2050年的溫室氣體排放量要降為2005年的50％以下；2005年台灣二氧化碳排放量為2.45億公噸，而2050年則必須降至1.225億公噸，相當於回到1991年水準。為了減少二氧化碳排放，世界各國紛紛提出有關碳排限制改善方案，最普遍的兩項碳政策分別為碳稅和總量控制與碳交易。
研究以台灣化妝品產業的洗髮精產品為研究對象，因為洗髮精在送至消費者手上消耗了總排放50%以上二氧化碳排放，本研究想藉由供應鏈的角度去探討，不同的上游供應商原料的採購數量組合，從原料製造到運送的過程，考量時間關係，利用數學規劃的方式計算出其所需的最低碳足跡量和供應鏈成本，讓企業能夠有個具體的參考指標，對碳權做更有效的利用。在考量供應商產能、工廠產能、原物料和運送成本、時間以及二氧化碳排放限制情況下，依照產業特性利用數學規劃建構出基礎模型，再根據碳稅和總量控制與交易政策制訂出適當的配套模型進行分析與決策，藉由本研究的模型，企業組織能夠在眾多的原料供應商中選出最佳化的決策組合，除了使得供應鏈成本最小化外，也能讓企業組織控管產品在過程中二氧化碳的排放量，以符合現行法規和社會責任。
本研究得知：當國家不同或交易價格較低時，若二氧化碳排放總量控制較寬鬆，模型傾向賣出二氧化碳排放權且因賣出數量相對較少且價格低廉使得總成本較高，若二氧化碳排放總量控制較嚴格，模型傾向買入較多的二氧化碳排放權，雖買入數量多但購入成本低廉導致總成本較低。交易價格較高時，若二氧化碳排放總量控制較寬鬆，模型傾向賣出二氧化碳排放權，也因賣出數量多且價格昂貴而使得總成本降低，若二氧化碳排放總量控制較嚴格，模型傾向買入二氧化碳排放權，也因買入成本高導致總成本較高。

摘要(英)

In recent years, organizations have established environmental protection meeting, miti-gate the effects of climate change brought by natural disasters, and propose concrete ways to make improvements. In 2015, Taiwan’s Legislative Yuan passed the “Greenhouse Gas Reduc-tion Law” by implementing these regulations, the country’s greenhouse gas emission is ex-pected to drop 50% in 2050, it is equivalent to 1991 levels. In order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, the world has put forward various carbon emission reduction programs, and the most common carbon policies are “carbon tax” and “cap and trade”.
This research focuses on the shampoo industry of Taiwan. This industry emits more than 50% of their carbon missions before sending products to consumers. Therefore, this study uses mathematical programming to construct a model with “carbon tax” and “cap and trade.” With this model, the business can choose optimal combinations of raw materials from suppliers. In addition to making the minimal supply chain cost, the model can also allow the business to manage carbon missions of their products. Results show that a low carbon tax cannot effec-tively reduce carbon emission costs. Setting a high carbon tax, even with limited emission costs, can still lead to a substantial increase in operating costs. In the case of “cap and trade” policy, total amount of emissions with varied transaction prices can generate differences in costs. The model constructed in this study can help companies choose the best resources sup-plier combinations while minimizing costs incurred in the supply chain. Furthermore, business can comply with the current regulations and social responsibilities.

關鍵字(中)

★ 永續發展
★ 綠色供應鏈管理
★ 碳政策
★ 碳交易
★ 數學規劃

關鍵字(英)

★ ustainable development
★ Green supply chain management
★ Carbon policy
★ Cap and trade
★ Mathematical programming

論文目次

中文摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 v
表目錄 vi
一、緒論 1
1-1研究背景與動機 1
1-2研究目的 2
1-3研究架構與流程 3
二、文獻回顧 5
2-1永續發展 5
2-1-1定義 5
2-1-2原則與架構 7
2-1-3重要歷程 8
2-2碳政策 11
2-2-1碳稅 11
2-2-2碳交易 12
2-3綠色供應鏈管理 14
2-3-1綠色供應鏈意涵 15
2-3-2供應商選擇問題 17
2-3-3碳政策與供應鏈管理 17
三、問題描述 19
3-1化妝品產業 19
3-1-1產業發展 19
3-1-2產品介紹與產業供應鏈 22
3-2問題探討 25
3-3研究方法 27
四、建立數學模型 28
4-1基本假設 28
4-2定義 29
4-3基礎模型(Cost-only Model) 30
4-4碳稅模型(Carbon Tax Model) 32
4-5總量控制與交易模型(Cap-and-Trade Model) 33
五、情境設計與結果分析 35
5-1基礎模型驗證 35
5-2情境一碳稅模型 37
5-3情境二總量控制與交易模型 43
六、結論與建議 46
英文參考文獻 48
中文參考文獻 53
附錄一、基礎模型之參數FCOST、IC、DEM 54
附錄二、基礎模型之決策變數X_arft 57
附錄三、基礎模型之決策變數〖XI〗_rft 59
附錄四、基礎模型之決策變數P_ft 61
附錄五、基礎模型之決策變數T_fst^(F→S) 62
附錄六、基礎模型之決策變數T_sdt^(S→D) 63
附錄七、基礎模型之決策變數I_dt^D 65
附錄八、基礎模型之決策變數F_dt^D 66
附錄九、基礎模型之決策變數B_dt^D 69

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指導教授

王啟泰

審核日期

2016-7-25

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