應用單級轉換器之太陽能光電系統實虛功控制策略

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姓名

楊柏輝(Bo-Huei Yang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

電機工程學系

論文名稱

應用單級轉換器之太陽能光電系統實虛功控制策略
(A single stage PV system with active-reactive power control strategy)

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摘要(中)

在低壓電網中，高度的太陽光電變流器滲透率將影響電網的穩定度與可靠度，所以併網型變流器需利用一些控制策略來維持、改善電網的電力品質，因此本研究提出一種新型的實虛功控制策略應用於併網型單級式三相太陽光電系統，目的是要維持共同耦合點(PCC)上的電壓變動率，此控制策略不只注入實功至電網，還會依電壓變動程度注入虛功至電網或從電網中吸收虛功以符合電力公司之規範，同時在不超過變流器的容量限制下，提出另一種考量經濟效益的控制策略，將發電用戶的實功輸出、虛功補償做適當的調整，使回售利益最大化的提升。此外，還提出可調變步長之改良型增量電導法以提升最大功率點追蹤法(MPPT)的追蹤速度與準確度。而本研究所使用的單級三相電流控制電壓源變流器(CCVSI)具有最大功率點追蹤與功率控制的能力。最後，利用模擬與實驗結果驗證所提出實虛功控制策略應用於併網型單級三相太陽光電系統在電壓變動時之成效。

摘要(英)

High penetration level of the photovoltaic (PV) inverters in low voltage (LV) distribution grid will impact the stability and reliability of the grid. The main objective of the control strategy of the grid-connected inverter is to maintain or improve the grid stability, reliability and power quality. Therefore, in this study, a novel active and reactive power control strategy of a single-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system is proposed to mitigate the voltage variation at the point of common coupling (PCC). The single-stage three-phase grid-connected PV system introduces a current-controlled voltage-source inverter (CCVSI) to achieve the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of the PV panel and the function of power control. Moreover, a modified variable step-size incremental conductance (VSSIC) method is proposed to improve the tracking speed and accuracy of the MPPT control of the PV panel. Furthermore, the single-stage three-phase grid-connected PV system will inject or absorb the reactive power into or from the grid to mitigate the voltage variation at the PCC according to the grid codes. In the meantime, an economics optimization method is proposed to determine the control values of the active and reactive power with guaranteeing the output power of the three-phase inverter within the rating of itself. Finally, some experimental tests are realized to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

關鍵字(中)

★ 低壓電網
★ 太陽能光電系統
★ 最大功率點追蹤法
★ 虛功控制
★ 電壓控制
★ 電壓變動率
★ 目標函數

關鍵字(英)

★ Inverter
★ low voltage (LV) grid
★ maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
★ photovoltaic (PV)
★ reactive power control
★ voltage control

論文目次

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.3 本文貢獻 5
1.4 論文大綱 6
第二章太陽能光電系統 7
2.1 簡介 7
2.2 太陽能電池特性 7
2.3 單級與雙級式太陽能光電系統 12
2.4 三相座標軸轉換 14
2.4.1 靜止坐標軸 15
2.4.2 同步旋轉座標軸 17
2.4.3 三相功率計算 18
2.5 市電角度估測法 18
2.5.1 三相線電壓軸轉換法 19
2.5.2 電壓濾波法 20
2.5.3 鎖相迴路法 20
2.6 變流器之實虛功控制與電流控制 21
2.7 硬體設備 23
2.7.1 可程控直流電源供應器(具太陽能電池陣列模擬功能) 24
2.7.2 變流器 26
2.7.3 三相交流電源供應器 28
2.7.4 配電線路阻抗 29
2.7.5 資料擷取卡 31
第三章最大功率點追蹤法 32
3.1 簡介 32
3.2 擾動觀察法 32
3.3 增量電導法 33
3.4 可調變步長之改良型增量電導法 35
3.5 最大功率點追蹤方法比較與部分遮蔽效應探討 40
3.5.1 600W/m2 日照強度變動實測比較與討論 41
3.5.2 1000W/m2 日照強度變動實測比較與討論 43
3.5.3 遮蔽效應探討 45
第四章虛功注入與電壓調整策略 50
4.1 電壓變動 50
4.2 控制策略(一) 52
4.3 控制策略(二) 53
4.3.1 公式推導(高於電壓上限VU) 56
4.3.2 公式推導(低於電壓下限VL) 57
4.4 模擬與討論 59
4.4.1 Case I 超過電壓規範1% 模擬結果 60
4.4.2 Case II 超過電壓規範2% 模擬結果 62
4.4.3 Case III 低於電壓規範0.3% 模擬結果 64
4.4.4 模擬數據整理與比較 66
第五章實作結果與討論 67
5.1 系統簡介 67
5.2 雙模式控制策略 69
5.3 Case I 超過電壓規範1% 實作結果 70
5.3.1 控制策略(一) 70
5.3.2 控制策略(二) 73
5.4 Case II 超過電壓規範2% 實作結果 76
5.4.1 控制策略(一) 76
5.4.2 控制策略(二) 79
5.5 Case III 低於電壓規範0.3% 實作結果 82
5.5.1 控制策略(一) 82
5.5.2 控制策略(二) 85
5.6 實作數據整理與討論 88
第六章結論與未來方向 89
6.1 結論 89
6.2 未來研究方向 90
參考文獻 91
作者簡歷 96

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指導教授

林法正(Faa-Jeng Lin)

審核日期

2016-8-10

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