基於機器學習方法之巨量音樂檢索系統

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姓名

黃梓翔(Tzu-Hsiang Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

通訊工程學系

論文名稱

基於機器學習方法之巨量音樂檢索系統
(Large-Scale Music Retrieval System Using Machine Learning Approaches)

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摘要(中)

在大數據的時代中，網際網路上的多媒體資訊量以指數性成長，如何正確地尋找特定多媒體資訊成為一個重要的研究議題。
本系統參考翻唱歌曲辨識的理論架構，利用歌曲的音樂內涵式特徵，消除不同樂器、語言、歌手等等演奏時的音色、調性與些微結構差異，尋找資料庫中與輸入歌曲俱有相似旋律特徵的歌曲。
在內涵式音樂檢索領域中，由於不同歌曲的時間長度不一，先前的研究以輸入歌曲對整個資料庫的歌曲進行高複雜度的比對來計算兩首歌曲的相似度，最後輸出資料庫中相似度最高的歌曲清單，這種方法雖然盡可能提升辨識正確率，但是消耗過多的運算資源，在大規模的資料庫並不可行。本研究提出在大規模資料庫中快速檢索特定相似歌曲的系統，系統擷取音樂的頻譜特徵並以二維傅立葉轉換壓縮資料，接著合併成固定長度的向量，再以K-Means、主成份分析、線性判別分析等機器學習的方式強化向量的模式特徵，藉此將資料庫的全部歌曲投影到一個向量空間，系統直接比對查詢歌曲與資料庫歌曲的向量距離，將相似度最高的音樂作為回饋歌單。本系統不僅大幅度地提升內涵式音樂檢索的效率，更探討音樂檢索結合機器學習的潛力。

摘要(英)

In this work, we proposed a music retrieval system which can search the similar music in large-scale database.
Large-scale similar music recognition should calculate song-to-song simi-larity that can accommodate differences in timing, key and tempo. Simple vector distance measure is not powerful enough to perform the similar music recogni-tion task, but expensive solutions such as dynamic time warping do not scale to millions of instances, making the similar music recognition inappropriate for commercial-scale application. In this work, we used the content-based music features of songs as input and transformed them into semantic vectors by 2D-Fourier transform. We even explored different machine learning approaches to learn and reinforce the pattern of these semantic vector. By projecting the songs into the sematic vector space, we can use the efficient nearest neighbor algorithm to compare the similarity of songs and retrieve the most similar songs in the large-scale database.
The proposed system is not only efficient enough to perform scalable con-tent-based music retrieval, but also develop the potential of machine learning approaches, making the similar music recognition application more fast and accurate.

關鍵字(中)

★ 音樂資訊檢索
★ 翻唱歌曲辨識
★ 二維傅立葉轉換
★ 機器學習

關鍵字(英)

★ Music information retrieval
★ Cover song identification
★ 2D-Fourier transform
★ Machine learning

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
第一章緒論 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 研究動機與目的 2
1-3 論文架構 3
第二章音樂資訊檢索 4
2-1 音樂檢索特徵 4
2-1-1 低階特徵 5
2-1-2 中階特徵 7
2-1-3 二維傅立葉轉換 9
2-2 翻唱歌曲辨識 12
2-2-1 翻唱歌曲的類型與音樂特性 13
2-2-2 翻唱歌曲辨識方法 16
2-3 音樂特徵比對方法 17
2-3-1 歐式距離 19
2-3-2 曼哈頓距離 20
2-3-3 餘弦距離 21
第三章機器學習 22
3-1 K平均演算法 24
3-2 主成份分析 27
3-3 線性判別分析 29
3-4 最近鄰居分類 31
3-4-1 搜尋演算法 33
第四章提出之架構 36
4-1 特徵擷取 37
4-2 特徵前處理 38
4-3 特徵學習與轉換 45
4-4 檢索系統 49
第五章實驗與分析 50
5-1 實驗環境 50
5-1-1 實驗資料庫 51
5-1-2 效能評估方法 53
5-1-3 實驗設計 56
5-2 二元選擇實驗 57
5-2-1 參數選擇 58
5-3 檢索實驗 60
5-3-1 訓練集參數選擇 61
5-3-2 測試集參數選擇 65
5-3-3 大規模資料庫參數選擇 70
5-4 實驗結果比較與分析 73
第六章結論與未來展望 77
參考文獻 78

參考文獻

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指導教授

張寶基(Pao-Chi Chang)

審核日期

2016-7-26

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