1935年新竹-臺中烈震之震源破裂特性分析與三維地震波模擬

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：12

、訪客IP：3.138.114.94

姓名

顏銘萱(Ming-Hsuan Yen) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

地球科學學系

論文名稱

1935年新竹-臺中烈震之震源破裂特性分析與三維地震波模擬
(The source rupture analysis and 3-D seismic wave simulations of the 1935 Hsinchu-Taichung Earthquake)

相關論文

★ 台灣地區中大型地震震源參數分析	★ 台灣北部地區之隱沒樣貌
★ 九二一集集地震之餘震(Mw≧6.0)震源破裂滑移分佈	★ 利用雙差分地震定位演算法重新定位過去十年台灣中、大型地震之餘震
★ 九二一集集地震三維震源過程與震波傳遞分析	★ 台灣弧陸碰撞構造之地殼及頂部地函的三維S波衰減模型
★ 集集地震之震前、同震及震後變形模式研究	★ 台灣地震震源尺度分析:2003年規模>6.0地震分析
★ 使用震源機制逆推台灣地區應力分區狀況	★ 地震水井水力學之理論模式改良與發展及同震水位資料分析
★ 台灣東北部外海地震之三維強地動模擬	★ 利用臨時寬頻地震網觀測嘉義地區淺層地殼之非均向性
★ 中大規模地震斷層參數之同步求解	★ 集集地震同震及震後應力演化與地震活動之相關性
★ 2005 年宜蘭雙主震之震源破裂滑移分析	★ 1999 集集地震後之黏彈性鬆弛效應

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

1935年4月21日上午6時2分於臺灣中部關刀山附近發生一起規模達ML7.1之淺源地震，造成臺灣自有觀測以來最嚴重的地震災害。此地震伴隨著兩條地表破裂，分別為北側逆衝機制的獅潭斷層(Shihtan Fault, STF)及南側右移機制的屯子腳斷層(Tuntzuchiao Fault, TTCF)。隨著此地區的人口及經濟快速發展，未來若再次發生類似地震，其可能造成之損害勢必更加不容忽視。本研究透過釐清此區域震源的破裂特性進行強地動評估，並將此資訊提供為防災減災的參考依據。本研究首先依據前人所提出之斷層模型為基礎，建立四種斷層模型進行震源錯動量逆推，再整合四種斷層模型的逆推結果建立一較具可能性之模型。由模型逆推結果中選取最佳模型，將其震源模型透過譜元素法(Spectral-Element Method, SEM)模擬地震波的三維波傳過程，分析1935年新竹－臺中烈震之最大地動加速度(Peak Ground Acceleration, PGA)的詳細分布情形。將逆推及模擬結果與當時的震度及災害分布等資料進行比對，結果顯示PGA量值最大的區域與錯移量值較大的區域有高度的相關性，且與災害分布亦有相同的趨勢。另外，透過隨機滑移模型計算最佳模型的五組隨機滑移分布，將震源設定於斷層北部、中部及南部，探討不同破裂方向下各地區的PGA分布。模擬結果可見，由於破裂方向加成效應及場址效應，在臺北都會區、宜蘭平原及西部平原有較大的PGA量值出現，在近斷層的地區甚至有超越1g的情形。將模擬之PGA與強地動衰減預估值比較，模擬之PGA普遍小於衰減預估值，而隨距離增加衰減的趨勢與衰減預估值的趨勢相似。

摘要(英)

On 21 April 1935, a large earthquake with a local magnitude of 7.1 struck central Taiwan, named the Hsinchu-Taichung earthquake. Its epicenter was located in Miaoli County. It was one of the destructive earthquakes in Taiwan history. This event was associated with two major faults: the northern one is the Shihtan reverse fault, and the southern one is the Tuntzuchiao right-lateral strike-slip fault. With rapid development of the business and the population in this area, we must pay attention to future large earthquakes. This study analyzed the source characteristics and the strong ground motions to prevent the disasters. We constructed four models based on previously proposed fault models and a new model for this event. We investigated the spatial slip distribution based on these fault models from source inversion by using the triangulation data. Then, we took the inversion result of the best model to simulate 3D ground motions by using Spectral-Element Method (SEM). We compared the spatial slip distribution, the ShakeMap, and the intensity distribution. The results shows that the area with larger PGA values is similar with the area with larger slip. Additionally, we calculated the stochastic slip distribution based on the best model by using the stochastic slip model, and set up different sources to discuss PGA distribution in each scenario of different rupture directions. From the scenario simulations, there are larger PGA values in Taipei, Ilan and western plain due to the directivity and the site effects. By comparing the Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE) and simulated PGA values, we find that simulated PGA values are less than GMPE, but the trends of the attenuation are very similar. The scenarios could get more exhaustive PGA and influences of site effects, therefore the simulation results are the important information for preventing and decreasing the earthquake disasters.

關鍵字(中)

★ 1935年新竹臺中烈震
★ 震源錯動量逆推
★ 三維波傳模擬
★ 隨機滑移分布

關鍵字(英)

★ 1935 Hsinchu-Taichung earthquake
★ source inversion
★ ground motion simulation
★ stochastic slip model

論文目次

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 區域地質背景 2
1.3 文獻回顧 2
1.3.1 地震概述 2
1.3.2 地震之地動紀錄 3
1.3.3 地震之災害統計 4
1.3.4 地震斷層特性 4
第二章研究方法 14
2.1 震源逆推 14
2.1.1 彈性錯位理論 14
2.1.2 逆推方法及設定 16
2.2 三維地震波傳模擬 17
2.2.1 譜元素法 18
2.2.2 三維速度模型與網格建構 18
2.3 隨機滑移模型 19
第三章重建1935年烈震之震源破裂特性 29
3.1 三角測量資料 29
3.2 斷層模型參數設定 30
3.3 震源逆推結果與討論 31
3.3.1 地表位移及震源破裂之結果 31
3.3.2 震源破裂特性綜合討論 34
3.3.3 解析度標準測試 36
3.4 地動模擬結果與討論 36
3.4.1 最大地表加速度分布 37
3.4.2 地震波歷時 38
第四章情境地震模擬 60
4.1 參數及模型設定 60
4.2 模擬結果之統計分析與討論 60
4.2.1 最大地表加速度分布 61
4.2.2 強地動衰減式 63
第五章結論 71
參考文獻 73
附錄A：1935年新竹臺中烈震之地動紀錄 80
附錄B：日本陸地測量部之三角測量資料 83

參考文獻

Aki, K. (1972). Scaling law of earthquake source time-function. Geophysical Journal International, 31(1-3), 3-25.
Andrews, D. J. (1980). A Stochastic Fault Model, 1. Static Case. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 85, 3867–3877.
Andrews, D. J. (1981). A stochastic fault model: 2. Time‐dependent case. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 86(B11), 10821-10834.
Boore, D. M. (1972). Finite difference methods for seismic wave propagation in heterogeneous materials. Methods in computational physics, 11, 1-37.
Dravinski, M. (1983). Scattering of plane harmonic SH wave by dipping layers or arbitrary shape. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 73(5), 1303-1319.
ERI (1936). Paper and reports on the Formosa Earthquake of 1935. Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Tokyo Univ., Suppl. Vol. III, 238.
Frankel, A. (1991). High-frequency spectral falloff of earthquakes, fractal dimension of complex rupture, b value, and the scaling of strength on faults. J. Geophys. Res, 96, 6291-6302.
Gazdag, J. (1981). Modeling of the acoustic wave equation with transform methods. Geophysics, 46(6), 854-859.
Hanks, T. C. (1979). b values and ω-γ seismic source models: Implications for tectonic stress variations along active crustal fault zones and the estimation of high‐frequency strong ground motion. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 84(B5), 2235-2242.
Hartzell, S. H., & Heaton, T. H. (1983). Inversion of strong ground motion and teleseismic waveform data for the fault rupture history of the 1979 Imperial Valley, California, earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 73(6A), 1553-1583.
Helmberger, D. V. (1974). Generalized ray theory for shear dislocations. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 64(1), 45-64.
Herrero, A., & Bernard, P. (1994). A kinematic self-similar rupture process for earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 84(4), 1216-1228.
Hsu, M. T. (1971). Seismicity of Taiwan and some related problems. Bulletin of the International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 8, 41-160.
Huang, B. S. & Yeh, Y. T. (1992). Source geometry and slip distribution of the April 21, 1935 Hsinchu-Taichung, Taiwan earthquake. Tectonophysics, 210(1), 77-90.
Huang, H. H., Wu, Y. M., Song, X., Chang, C. H., Lee, S. J., Chang, T. M., & Hsieh, H. H. (2014). Joint Vp and Vs tomography of Taiwan: Implications for subduction-collision orogeny. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 392, 177-191.
Hurst, H. E., Black, R. P., & Simaika, Y. M. (1965). Long-term storage: an experimental study. Constable.
Kanamori, H. (1977). The energy release in great earthquakes. Journal of geophysical research, 82(20), 2981-2987.
Komatitsch, D., & Tromp, J. (1999). Introduction to the spectral element method for three-dimensional seismic wave propagation. Geophysical journal international, 139(3), 806-822.
Komatitsch, D., & Vilotte, J. P. (1998). The spectral element method: an efficient tool to simulate the seismic response of 2D and 3D geological structures. Bulletin of the seismological society of America, 88(2), 368-392.
Kuo, C. H., Wen, K. L., Hsieh, H. H., Lin, C. M., Chang, T. M., & Kuo, K. W. (2012). Site classification and Vs30 estimation of free-field TSMIP stations using the logging data of EGDT. Engineering Geology, 129, 68-75.
Lavallée, D., & Archuleta, R. J. (2003). Stochastic modeling of slip spatial complexities for the 1979 Imperial Valley, California, earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(5).
Lavallée, D., & Archuleta, R. J. (2005). Coupling of the random properties of the source and the ground motion for the 1999 Chi Chi earthquake. Geophysical research letters, 32(8).
Lavallée, D., Liu, P., & Archuleta, R. J. (2006). Stochastic model of heterogeneity in earthquake slip spatial distributions. Geophysical Journal International, 165(2), 622-640.
Lee, S. J., Chen, H. W., Liu, Q., Komatitsch, D., Huang, B. S., & Tromp, J. (2008). Three-dimensional simulations of seismic-wave propagation in the Taipei basin with realistic topography based upon the spectral-element method. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 98(1), 253-264.
Lee, S. J., Ma, K. F., & Chen, H. W. (2006). Effects of fault geometry and slip style on near-fault static displacements caused by the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 241(1), 336-350.
Lin, D. H., Chen, K. H., Rau, R. J., & Hu, J. C. (2013). The role of a hidden fault in stress triggering: Stress interactions within the 1935 Mw7.1 Hsinchu–Taichung earthquake sequence in central Taiwan. Tectonophysics, 601, 37-52.
Lin, P. S., Hsie, P. S., Lee, Y. R., Cheng, C. T., & Shao, K. S. (2012). The research of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and geological survey of nuclear power plant: construction of ground motion prediction equation for response spectra: commission report of the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Executive Yuan (in Chinese).
Lin, Y. N. (2005). Surface deformation and seismogenic structure model of the 1935 Hsinchu‐Taichung earthquake (Mgr= 7.1) in Miaoli, northwestern Taiwan. MS thesis, Institute of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, 1-82.
Mandelbrot, B. B. (1977). Fractals: form, chance, and dimension (p. 365). San Francisco: WH Freeman.
Mandelbrot, B. B. (1983). The fractal geometry of nature (Vol. 173). Macmillan.
Mandelbrot, B. B., & Van Ness, J. W. (1968). Fractional Brownian motions, fractional noises and applications. SIAM review, 10(4), 422-437.
Military Land Survey (1937). Report of revision surveys of 1st, 2nd and 3rd order triangulations and 1st order precise levelling in the Taiwan earthquake zone (in Japanese), 1-8.
Mindlin, R. D. (1936). Force at a point in the interior of a semi‐infinite solid. Journal of Applied Physics, 7(5), 195-202.
Miyabe, N., Hukunage, M. and Sato, M. (1938). Crustal deformations in central Taiwan, Part. 7. Bulletin of Earthquake Research Institute, Tokyo Univ., 16, 578-S96.
Okada, Y. (1985). Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bulletin of the seismological society of America, 75(4), 1135-1154.
Otuka, Y. (1936). The earthquake of central Taiwan (Formosa), April 21, 1935, and earthquake faults. Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Tokyo Univ., 3, 22-74.
Patera, A. T. (1984). A spectral element method for fluid dynamics: laminar flow in a channel expansion. Journal of computational Physics, 54(3), 468-488.
Seriani, G., & Priolo, E. (1994). Spectral element method for acoustic wave simulation in heterogeneous media. Finite elements in analysis and design, 16(3), 337-348.
Sheu, H. C., Kosuga, M., & Sato, H. (1982). Mechanism and fault model of the Hsinchu-Taichung (Taiwan) earthquake of 1935. Zisin, 2(35), 567-574.
Smith, W. D. (1975). The application of finite element analysis to body-wave propagation problems. Geophysical Journal International, 42(2), 747-768.
Steketee, J. A. (1958). On Volterra′s dislocations in a semi-infinite elastic medium. Canadian Journal of Physics, 36(2), 192-205.
Taipei Meteorological Observatory (1936). The report of the April 21, 1935, Hsinchu-Taichung earthquake. (in Japanese) Taipei Meteorological Observatory, 1-160.
Tsai, C. C. (1997). Slip, stress drop and ground motion of earthquakes: A view from the perspective of fractional Brownian motion. Pure and applied geophysics, 149(4), 689-706.
Wang, C. Y., Chen, G. P., & Jong, D. T. (1994). The detection of active faults on Taiwan using shallow reflection seismics. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Vol. 5, no. 2, 177-193.
Wang, C. Y., Yang, R. K., and Tsai, D. T. (1991). Shallow reflection seismics using firecrackers as the source II: fielding experiments. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Vol.2, No.3, 163-185.
大江二郎(1936)。大安溪地震調查報告，礦物及地質調查報告第四號，台灣總督府殖產局。
大塚彌之助(1936)。昭和十年四月二一日臺灣中部地方發生之地震所伴生之地震斷層，附地震斷層之諸特徵，東京大學地震研究所彙報別冊，第三號，第22-74頁。
石同生，張雲翔(2005)。屯子腳斷層，經濟部中央地質調查所施政計畫報告，活動斷層調查報告，經濟部中央地質調查所。
何春蓀(1976)。台灣西部的麓山構造，臺灣省地質調查所彙刊，第二十五號，第9-28頁。
余水倍，侯財源，蔡義本(1977)。苗栗地區地震研究報告：中央研究院地球科學研究所籌備處出版，第1-48頁。
林燈河(1987)。1935年新竹－台中烈震的震源機制，國立中央大學地球物理研究所碩士論文。
柳義倩、陳建良、黃文正、張雲翔、林偉雄(2005)。獅潭、神桌山斷層，經濟部中央地質調查所施政計畫報告，活動斷層調查報告，經濟部中央地質調查所。
孫郁勝(2015)。應用隨機滑移模型於臺灣地區之機率式海嘯危害度分析，國立中央大學地球科學系碩士論文。
徐明同(1980)。台灣地震目錄(西元1644年至1979年)，國立台灣大學地震工程研究中心。
徐明同(2005)。日治時代台灣三大災害地震紀要，財團法人中興工程科技研究發展基金會。
葉永田，鄭世楠，呂佩玲，江嘉豪(2006)。歷史地震之強震資料處理與分析，交通部中央氣象局，第131-156頁。
葉義雄，顏宏元，蔡義本(1985)。利用地震與重力資料分析一九三五年地震斷層，一九三五年新竹－台中大地震五十周年紀念研討會論文集，第68-82頁。
董倫道(2005)。地震地質調查及活動斷層資料庫建置計畫－地球物理探勘計劃(4/5)。經濟部中央地質調查所報告，第94-09號，共187頁。
顏滄波(1985)。一九三五年新竹、台中地震調查之回顧。一九三五年新竹－台中大地震五十周年紀念研討會論文集，第11-17頁。
鄭世楠，王子賓，林祖慰，江嘉豪(2010)。台灣地區地震目錄的建置(II)，中央氣象局地震測報中心技術報告 (pp. 57-483)。報告編號 MOTC-CWB-99-26

指導教授

馬國鳳、李憲忠(Kuo-Fong Ma Shiann-Jong Lee)

審核日期

2016-7-26

推文