彗星67P 上的灰塵噴流與質量傳輸

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賴彥霖(Ian-Lin Lai) 查詢紙本館藏

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太空科學研究所

論文名稱

彗星67P 上的灰塵噴流與質量傳輸
(Dust Jets and Mass Transport of Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko)

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摘要(中)

羅賽塔太空船在彗星67P上近距離觀測到許多有趣的現象，太陽加熱不規則彗核上的揮發物昇華並產生氣體噴流，夾帶著灰塵粒子形成一束束的灰塵噴流，太空船上搭載的OSIRIS光學照相機觀測到許多灰塵噴流從彗核表面射出，因此可以從影像定位出些噴流在彗星上的位置。我們找出了這些灰塵噴流的來源會隨著太陽照射的位置而改變並且與附近地貌有關。此外，我們也研究灰塵粒子隨著彗星噴氣的牽引力而移動，有些會再度掉回到彗星表面，其中主要是由南半球向著北半球方向的傳輸。

摘要(英)

Rosetta spacecraft observations at close distance have shown many interesting phenomenon on Comet 67P/ Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Gas outflow could drag dust grains as indicated by the collimated dust jet structures on the sunlit side because of the diurnal thermal cycle and the irregular shape of the nucleus. The OSIRIS imaging observations show that the dust coma was filled by numerous dust jets emanating from the nucleus surface. This means that they can be used to trace the active regions as the comet moved around the perihelion. In this work, we show the source regions of dust jets would move in consonance with the sunlit belt. Therefore, a number of source regions characterized by repeated jet activity could be identified which might be the result of local topographical variations or chemical heterogeneities. With a time variability model of the global gas production rate, we also investigate the transport of dust grains calculated by dust particle dynamics under the influences of the rotating nucleus and gas dragging force. From these considerations, we find a redeposition of the ejected dust grains from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere during the southern summer season.

關鍵字(中)

★ 彗星
★ 羅賽塔
★ 直接模擬蒙地卡羅法

關鍵字(英)

★ comets
★ Rosetta
★ DSMC

論文目次

摘要.............................................................i
Abstract..............................................................ii
誌謝.............................................................iii
Contents..............................................................iv
List of Figures.......................................................vii
List of Tables........................................................xi
Symbols...............................................................xii
Chapter 1 Introduction................................................1
1.2 Origins of Comets.................................................4
1.3 Cometary Dust Jets................................................5
Chapter 2 Rosetta Mission and Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.......8
2.1 Rosetta Mission...................................................8
2.2 Comet 67P.........................................................10
2.2.1 Orbital Elements..............................................10
2.2.2 Physical Parameters and the Nucleus...........................11
2.2.3 Gas Production Rate...........................................14
2.2.4 Seasonal Dust Transport.......................................15
2.2.5 Recurring Dust Jets...........................................18
Chapter 3 Modeling of the Dust and Gas Coma.........................19
3.1 Sublimation Process...............................................20
3.1.1 Thermal Model.................................................20
3.1.2 Thermal Inertia...............................................22
3.2 The DSMC Method...................................................23
3.2.1 Applications of DSMC on Comets................................23
3.2.2 Knudsen Number................................................24
3.2.3 General DSMC Algorithm........................................27
3.3 Dust Particles Dynamics...........................................31
Chapter 4 Dust Transport on Comet 67P...............................35
4.1 The Gas Coma Development..........................................36
4.1.2 The Seasonal Effect...........................................37
4.1.3 The Outgassing Model..........................................39
4.2 Motions of Dust Grains............................................41
4.3 Erosion and Accretion of Dust Mantle..............................46
4.4 Summary...........................................................51
Chapter 5 Source Regions of Dust Jets on Comet 67P..................53
5.1 Dust Jets in OSIRIS Images........................................53
5.1.1 Image Sequences...............................................53
5.1.2 Jet Identification............................................56
5.2 Jet Source Regions................................................58
5.3 Time Variability of the Jet Source Regions........................60
5.4 Local Time and Solar Zenith Angle.................................63
Chapter 6 Discussions and Conclusions...............................65
6.1 Mass Transport....................................................65
6.2 Source Regions of Dust Jets.......................................69
Appendix..............................................................74
A.1 The H2O Photodissociation in the Inner Coma of Comet 67P..........74
A.1.1 Photochemical Reactions of Water Molecules......................74
A.1.2 Numerical Process...............................................75
A.1.3 Result and Discussion...........................................77
A.2 The Hot Oxygen Corona of Callisto.................................80
A.2.1 Kinetics of Suprathermal Oxygen Atoms...........................80
A.2.2 The Hot Oxygen Corona...........................................82
A.3 The Atmospheric Mass Transfer Process of the Pluto-Charon System..84
A.3.1 The Pluto-Charon System.........................................84
A.3.2 Method..........................................................87
A.3.2 Result and Summary..............................................88
Bibliography..........................................................90

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指導教授

葉永烜(Wing-Huen Ip)

審核日期

2019-1-17

推文