Foraging behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans

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姓名

程懋婷(Mao-Ting Cheng) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

物理學系

論文名稱

(Foraging behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans)

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摘要(中)

本篇論文主要是探討秀麗隱桿線蟲的覓食行為和趨光性的研究。線蟲一般是生活在低溫下的土壤中，藉由吃微生物來維持生命。線蟲有1031個細胞，當中有300個是神經細胞，因為線蟲的細胞已經被定序了，在很多的研究方面來說是一個理想的樣本生物。
為了要維持生命，覓食和尋找食物對生物來說是一個很基本的能力。然而，食物不會均勻地分布在環境當中。即使線蟲有神經來辨別它們所生存的環境和簡單的神經網絡來進行決策，了解這種理想的樣本生物的覓食行為代表了簡單生物搜尋模式的縮影。實驗上，我們在空間上設計了食物的圖案，讓線蟲尋找食物。在覓食的過程中，我們記錄其運動來定義覓食的狀態，並觀察其行為上有甚麼樣的變化。我們用頭擺動的角度來定義其覓食的狀態。線蟲爬行的動作造成的較低的爬行頻率表示其移動速度。另外，還注意到線蟲的頭有探測的動作。我們將頭部的探測動作造成的較高的搜尋頻率定義為覓食狀態的重要指標。我們發現當線蟲接近食物的時候，其頭部擺動的次數增加和速度下降，表示線蟲需要更高的採樣率來修正自己的軌跡朝著食物的方向前進。我們還使用化學引誘劑和突變株來證明我們的模型。
此外，線蟲一般是生活在土讓裡面，我們認為它不具有感光的器官。有感光功能的生物都被觀察到有感光性的行為。然而，當我們照光在線蟲身上的時候，發現它有避光的現象。因此，我們分析線蟲的運動來了解其感光性的行為。

摘要(英)

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the foraging and phototaxis behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans is a free-living nematode about 1 mm in length and lives in the soil environment at low temperature by eating microorganism to survive. C. elegans is the ideal model organism in many field of research because of their well-studied fate of its 1031 cells including ~ 300 neuron cells.
Searching for food, foraging, is the fundamental skill for living organism to survive. However, food is not homogenous distributed in the natural environments. Even C. elegans has nerves to identify their surroundings and simple neuron network for decision making, understanding the foraging behavior of this model organism C. elegans represents the epitome of a searching mode of this simple living creature. We design spatial food patterns for C. elegans to search. During the foraging process, we record images of their locomotion to define the foraging states and reveal the pattern changing of foraging behavior. We use the head angle represents the foraging states. The low creeping frequency from the crawling motion indicates the moving speed. We notice there is another head exploring motion. We defined a searching frequency from the head exploring motion as an important indicator of foraging states. We found that the numbers of head swing increase and velocity decreases when C. elegans approaching the food indicating the worm needs higher sampling rate to find the correction direction of motion toward the food. We also use chemical attractant and mutant strains to test our model.
Besides, C. elegans is regarded as having no light-sensing organism because of living in the soil environment. The phototaxis behavior is observed in living creatures having photoreceptor organism. However, we found C. elegans has negative phototaxis behavior when we illuminated the light on it. Therefore, we analyzed the locomotion of C. elegans to discover the phototaxis behavior.

關鍵字(中)

★ foraging beahvior
★ phototaxis behavior
★ C. elegans

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

Chapter 1 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Caenorhabditis elegans 4
1.2.1 Structure 4
1.2.2 Life cycle 8
1.3 Foraging behavior 10
Chapter 2 14
Material and Method 14
2.1 Apparatus of foraging behavior experiment 14
2.2 Apparatus of phototaxis behavior experiment 15
2.2.1 Phototaxis behavior of different parts of C. elegnas’ body 15
2.2.2 Phototaxis behavior of whole body of C. elegans 16
2.3 Strains 17
2.4 Method of maintaining the C. elegans 18
2.4.1 Protocol 18
2.5 Synchronization of C. elegans 20
2.5.1 Protocol 20
2.6 Foraging behavior experiment 22
2.6.1 Protocol 22
2.7 Phototaxis behavior experiment for C. elegans’ different parts of body 23
2.7.1 Protocol 23
2.8 Phototaxis behavior experiment for C. elegans’ whole body 24
2.8.1 Protocol 24
2.9 Image process 25
2.9.1 Thinning algorithm 26
2.10 Definition of angle of head 28
2.11 Wavelet transform 29
Chapter 3 30
Result and Discussion of foraging behavior experiment 30
I-1. Real food_N2 30
3.1 Experimental aim 30
3.2 Experimental procedure 31
3.3 Measurement of the velocity and position of center of mass 31
3.4 Measurement of head position and angle of head 34
3.5 The motion of C. elegans 36
3.6 Model depiction 37
3.7 Analysis of angle of head 39
3.8 The behavior at different conditions 44
3.9 The process in real food 46
I-2. Chemical attractant_N2 49
3.10 Experimental aim 49
3.11 Measurement of ammonia acetate diffusion distance 50
3.12 Measurement of C. elegans’ velocity and position 51
3.13 Analysis of angle of head 53
3.14 The process in chemical attractant 55
II. RB1330 57
3.15 The process in real food 57
3.16 The process in chemical attractant 58
3.17 Trajectory to the food 60
3.17 Discussion 64
Chapter 4 66
Result and Discussion of phototaxis behavior experiment 66
Part I: Phototaxis behavior of different parts of C. elegans’ body 66
4.1 The light response of different parts of C. elegans 66
4.2 The response of different wavelength light 68
Part II: Phototaxis behavior of whole body of C. elegans 69
4.3 Measurement of the velocity and position of C. elegans’ center of mass 69
4.3 Discussion 71
Chapter 5 72
Conclusion 72
5.1 Foraging behavior of C. elegans 72
5.2 Phototaxis behavior of C. elegans 72
Reference 73

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指導教授

羅健榮(Chien-Jung Lo)

審核日期

2017-3-29

推文