以離心模型實驗探討逆斷層錯動下群樁基礎與土壤的互制反應

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姓名

李孟嶸(Meng-Jung Lee) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

以離心模型實驗探討逆斷層錯動下群樁基礎與土壤的互制反應

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摘要(中)

台灣位在環太平洋地震帶上，是由歐亞大陸板塊和菲律賓海板塊擠壓而隆起的島嶼，板塊運動很頻繁，使台灣有許多斷層帶及地震的發生。地震容易使得都會區與人口集中的市鎮發生大規模的災害，特別是沿著地表斷層跡附近的區域。近年來發生的大地震中，斷層錯動所引起的永久性地表變形，讓在斷層跡上方的結構物造成嚴重的破壞，亦或是使近斷層帶的樁基礎產生旋轉、傾斜、水平位移及垂直位移等情形，進而造成其上部橋梁可能發生落橋之情形。因此對於逆斷層錯動引致覆土層變形及對樁基礎互制之影響是值得研究。
本研究將現地群樁基礎進行離心縮尺，於60g離心重力場下，進行逆斷層錯動之離心模型試驗共四組，其中包含一組自由場及三組將群樁模型放置不同位置處，以瞭解樁基礎通過逆斷層錯動時，基樁受力行為及變形與地表附近產生之變形特性及斷層跡發展。試驗結果顯示：(1)剪裂帶之發展會隨著群樁基礎愈靠近斷層錯動面，剪裂帶的寬度愈窄，當群樁基礎一支基樁在上盤，另一支基樁下盤時，會產生第三條斷層跡。(2)當群樁基礎一支基樁在上盤，另一支基樁在下盤，逆斷層錯動時，會造成在上盤處兩支基樁樁底會向下盤變形，另外靠近上盤之樁帽附近會產生一沉陷區域，並使樁帽產生較大之傾角、垂直位移及水平位移。(3)Test1試驗與Test2試驗量測到之彎矩變化趨勢相同，且軸力之變化趨勢亦幾乎相同。

摘要(英)

Taiwan, which is an island that situated on Circum Pacific Seismic Belt and is extruded by Eurasian plate and Philippine sea plate. There are many faults in Taiwan because the plate movement occurs so frequently. When earthquake occurs, it would damage the crowded cities disastrously, especially in the area on the line of the trail of the faults. According to some earthquake recently, it is observed that the permanent displacement was due to dislocation of the fault and caused severe damage to the con-struction that sit on the trail of the fault. In addition, dislocation of the fault also let the pile foundations rotate, decline, and displace horizontally and vertically if they are set in the near-fault area. What’s more, it may lead to the bridge above near-fault area collapse. Therefore, it is worth discussing that the influences between the interaction of the pile founda-tion and the cover layer deformation caused by the dislocation of the reverse fault.
By using centrifuge to scale down the on-site group piles under 60g gravity field, the centrifugal model experiment is be conducted with four sets to analyze the dislocation of the reverse fault. To know how the pile behaves and deforms when reverse fault dislocation occurs, the test in-cludes one set is for free field and the other three sets are for group piles models on different positions. Furthermore, the experiment can also ob-serve the deformation characteristics near the ground and the develop-ment of the trail of the fault .The experimental results indicate: (1) The closer to the dislocation surface of the fault for the group piles founda-tions, the narrower the shear zone is. It causes the third trail of the fault when one of the group piles is on the upper plate and the other is on the lower plate. (2) If one of the group piles is on the upper plate and the other is on the lower plate when reverse fault dislocating, the bottom of the two piles on the upper plate would deform downwards to the lower plate. There is a settlement area near the pile cap on the upper plate, leading to larger rotation, horizontal displacement and vertical displace-ment. (3) It is observed that the trend of the changes of the bending moment in Test 1 and Test 2 are similar, and so do the changes of the axial force within Test 1 and Test 2.

關鍵字(中)

★ 離心模型試驗
★ 逆斷層
★ 群樁基礎

關鍵字(英)

★ centrifuge modeling test
★ reverse fault
★ group piles foundation

論文目次

誌謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 V
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
第一章緒論 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 研究方法 2
1-3 論文架構 2
第二章文獻回顧 4
2-1 離心模型原理 4
2-1-1 離心模型基本相似律 4
2-1-2 離心模型模擬的觀念 6
2-1-3 離心模型之優點與限制 8
2-2 基樁與土壤間之摩擦性質 9
2-2-1 基樁之沉陷理論 10
2-2-2 負摩擦力發生機制 10
2-2-3 有效應力分析法 12
2-3 基樁承載之行為 13
2-3-1 基樁受軸向載重之行為 13
2-3-2 基樁受軸向之承載力 13
2-3-3 基樁受側向載重之行為 14
2-4 斷層概要 14
2-4-1 活動斷層定義與分類 14
2-4-2 斷層種類 15
2-4-3 土層破裂特徵 16
2-5 相關試驗 16
2-6 國內相關法規與設計規範 19
2-6-1 相關法規 19
2-6-2 設計規範 20
第三章試驗方法與設備 36
3-1 試驗方法 36
3-2 試驗砂樣的基本性質 36
3-3 試驗儀器及相關設備 37
3-3-1 地工離心機 37
3-3-2 資料擷取系統 37
3-3-3 移動式霣降儀 38
3-3-4 斷層錯動模擬試驗箱 38
3-3-5 測量儀器 39
3-4 群樁基礎縮尺模型設計 39
3-4-1 模型計測樁之設計 39
3-4-2 群樁間距 41
3-4-3 樁帽之設計 41
3-5 試驗準備步驟與流程 42
3-5-1 前置作業 42
3-5-2 砂試體之製作 43
3-5-3 試驗流程 44
第四章試驗結果及分析 71
4-1 試驗規劃與配置 71
4-2 升g過程 73
4-3 自由場之試驗結果 74
4-4 群樁基礎之受力行為 74
4-4-1 60gTest1 (S/B=1) 74
4-4-2 60gTest2 (S/B=0.5) 75
4-4-3 60gTest3 (S/B=-1.07) 76
4-5 群樁基礎對地表剖面變形與斷層跡發展之影響 77
4-5-1 60gTest1 (S/B=1) 77
4-5-2 60gTest2 (S/B=0.5) 78
4-5-3 60gTest3 (S/B=-1.07) 78
4-6 綜合比較 79
4-6-1 樁帽旋轉角及變位 79
4-6-2 彎矩之變化 79
4-6-3 軸力之變化 80
4-6-4 地表剖面變形與剪裂帶發展 81
4-6-5 群樁與單樁彎矩之變化 81
第五章結論與建議 147
5-1 結論 147
5-2 建議 148
參考文獻 149

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指導教授

莊德興(Der-Shin Juang)

審核日期

2018-8-21

推文