| 摘要(英) |
Typhoon has a close relationship with sea surface temperature (SST). On the other hand, the most significant signal for the interannual variation of SST is the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. Therefore, the SST data were used to identify two types of El Niño in this study first: east Central-Pacific El Niño (CP El Niño) and Eastern-Pacific El Niño (EP El Niño). Then, we will exam the influence of ENSO on the typhoon genesis location and typhoon track in terms of streamlines and geopotential high analysis at multi-levels.
First, we use combined regression–EOF analysis on SST data to help distinguish CP El Niño and EP El Niño modes. Based upon these two El Niño classifications, the mutual relationship between typhoon and ENSO is analyzed. The analysis time period for Northern Hemisphere is from June to September, while the Southern Hemisphere is from November to February. Using the first mode time series from combined regression–EOF analysis as an index together with its one standard deviation as a criterion, we are able to identify the cases either belong to El Niño or La Niña category. Finally, there are four type category determined: CP El Niño, CP La Nin ̃a, EP El Niño and EP La Niña.
Based upon the composite analysis, it is found that the sequential order of the averaged location for typhoon genesis in the Northwestern Pacific from west to east is CP El Niño, EP El Niño, EP La Niña, and CP La Niña. Meanwhile, the order in the Southwestern Pacific is EP El Niño, CP El Niño, EP La Niña, and CP La Niña. Due to their asymmetric summer SST distribution for Northern and Southern Hemispheres, it is better to exam the distinct features among ENSO episodes in separate Hemispheres although the anomalous SST distributions between them do not show much difference. It appears that the sequential locations order for both the lower level monsoon trough and upper level high pressure together with the high SST region are following that of typhoon genesis accordingly.
In regard to typhoon track issue, we might only focus on the Northwestern Pacific simply because there is no significant steering flow and less typhoon numbers for the Southwestern Pacific. Let us split the typhoons into two types: straight-moving typhoon and recurving typhoon, and then construct their composite mean typhoon tracks, respectively. It turns out that the sequential order from west to east for the typhoon track in both moving types are not only the same with each other but also similar to that of genesis location. The order still are CP El Niño, EP El Niño, EP La Niña, and CP La Niña. Interestingly, the composite contour line of 5880 gpm, generated from 500 hPa geopotential high during each typhoon’s lifetime, also exhibits the same order as that of typhoon track. |
| 參考文獻 |
楊志文，2003：台灣冬季降水年際變化之研究。國立中央大學大氣物理研究所碩士論文。
林正直，2004：颱風季節降雨量之年際變化。國立中央大學大氣物理研究所碩士論文。
Ashok, K., S. K. Behera, S. A. Rao, H. Weng, and T. Yamagata, 2007: El Nin ̃o Modoki and its possible teleconnection. J. Geophys. Res., 112, C11007.
Chan, J., 1985: Tropical Cyclone Activity in the Northwest Pacific in Relation to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation Phenomenon. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 599–606.
Chand, S.S., J. L. McBride, K.J. Tory, M.C. Wheeler, and K.E. Walsh, 2013: Impact of Different ENSO Regimes on Southwest Pacific Tropical Cyclones. J. Climate, 26,600–608.
Chen, T., S. Weng, N. Yamazaki, and S. Kiehne, 1998: Interannual Variation in the Tropical Cyclone Formation over the Western North Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126,1080–1090.
Chia, H. and C. Ropelewski, 2002: The Interannual Variability in the Genesis Location of Tropical Cyclones in the Northwest Pacific. J. Climate, 15, 2934–2944.
Dee, D. P., et al. 2011:The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 137(656), 553–597.
Dong, K.-Q., 1988: El Nin ̃o and tropical cyclone frequency in the Australian region and the Northwest Pacific,Arrst.Met.Mag.,36:219-225.
Fu, C., H.F. Diaz, and J.O. Fletcher, 1986: Characteristics of the Response of Sea Surface Temperature in the Central Pacific Associated with Warm Episodes of the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 1716–1739.
Huang, B., et al. 2014:Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 4 (ERSST.v4): Part I. Upgrades and intercomparisons. Journal of Climate, 28, 911-930.
Huang, B., et al. 2015: Further Exploring and Quantifying Uncertainties for Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) Version 4 (v4). Journal of Climate, in press.
Kao, H.-Y., and J.-Y. Yu, 2009: Contrasting eastern-Pacific and central-Pacific types of ENSO. J. Climate, 22, 615–632.
Kug, J., F. Jin, and S. An, 2009: Two Types of El Niño Events: Cold Tongue El Niño and Warm Pool El Niño. J. Climate, 22, 1499–1515.
Lander, M., 1994: An Exploratory Analysis of the Relationship between Tropical Storm Formation in the Western North Pacific and ENSO. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 636–651.
Larkin, N. K., and D. E. Harrison, 2005: Global seasonal temperature and precipitation anomalies during El Nin˜ o autumn and winter. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L16705.
Liu, W., et al. 2014: Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 4 (ERSST.v4): Part II. Parametric and structural uncertainty estimations. Journal of Climate, 931-951.
Rasmusson, E.M. and T.H. Carpenter, 1982: Variations in Tropical Sea Surface Temperature and Surface Wind Fields Associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño.Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 354–384.
Trenberth, K.E. and D.P. Stepaniak, 2001: Indices of El Niño Evolution. J. Climate, 14, 1697–1701.
Wang, C. and X. Wang, 2013: Classifying El Niño Modoki I and II by Different Impacts on Rainfall in Southern China and Typhoon Tracks. J. Climate, 26, 1322–1338.
Wu, G. and N. Lau, 1992: A GCM Simulation of the Relationship between Tropical-Storm Formation and ENSO. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 958–977. |
[Endnote RIS 格式]
[相關文章]
[文章引用]
[完整記錄]
[館藏目錄]
至系統瀏覽論文 ( 永不開放)
plurk
funp
live
udn
HD
myshare
netvibes
friend
youpush
delicious
baidu
Google bookmarks
del.icio.us
hemidemi
facebook
twitter
google
reddit