台灣GPS時間序列的雜訊分析

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：10

、訪客IP：3.140.185.170

姓名

李宥葭(You-Chia Lee) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

地球科學學系

論文名稱

台灣GPS時間序列的雜訊分析
(Noise analysis of GPS time series in Taiwan)

相關論文

★ 利用GPS觀測資料探討台北地區之地殼變形	★ 台灣地區大型地震前後地震活動率與庫倫應力的關係
★ GPS時間序列的雜訊分析－美國東盆嶺及黃石蛇河平原觀測網	★ 利用永久性散射體差分干涉法探討台南地區之地殼形變
★ 台灣中部埔里盆地的構造活動: 衛星遙測和野外觀測	★ 利用GPS同震位移資料逆推震源機制
★ 岩石熱導率及其物理性質之經驗關係式研究:以台灣晚期中生代至新生代沉積岩為例	★ 利用測地資料分析花東縱谷北段之地殼變形
★ 2012霧台地震同震變形及震源區應力狀態分析	★ 1999 集集地震震後滑移與黏彈性變形之線性反演分析
★ 應用雷達差分干涉技術測量印度庫曼南部地表變形	★ 利用GPS觀測資料及塊體模型來探討台灣的地殼變形
★ 利用GPS觀測資料及塊體模型分析台灣中部及北部地區地殼變形	★ 結合衛星雷達與GPS觀測資料分析北台灣地表變形
★ 利用氣象局新一代井下地震監測網分析台灣地區淺層構造場址放大效應	★ 臺灣中部晚期中新世至更新世二氧化碳儲集層及蓋層之地層暨礦物組成研究

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

板塊運動和地殼形變相關研究的資料以全球衛星定位系統（Global Positioning System，簡稱GPS）為基礎。在大部分GPS時間序列的研究中，資料誤差只考慮雜訊振幅與觀測時間無關的白雜訊（white noise）。但是近幾年來發現，如果不考慮雜訊振幅與時間相關的色雜訊（coloured noise），例如：flicker noise和random walk noise將會造成資料誤差的低估，準確度也受到影響。因此在本篇研究分析時間序列中的雜訊成分，並重新計算測站的速度誤差。本文考慮的GPS連續測站有541個，其中選用測站觀測長度大於2.5年的資料進行研究，觀測時間最長22年。這些測站具有各種不同的儀器基座，包括深錨淺錨柱式、屋頂型、淺錨柱式、水泥柱式等，在台灣淺錨柱式及屋頂式測站數量較多的基座型式，本研究找到519個測站的基座型式，其中淺錨柱式基座最多有227個測站（42%），其次為屋頂式基座203個測站（38%）。使用最大概似估計法（MLE）及功率頻譜（power spectrum）兩種方法進行分析，以了解時間序列中雜訊組成。結果顯示多數測站在南北向量的雜訊振幅最小，垂直向量的雜訊振幅最大，且W+F模型中white noise和flicker noise的雜訊振幅會呈正相關。針對不同基座型式的結果比較最佳雜訊模型、頻譜指數與速度誤差的穩定性，其中深錨柱式測站有較小的速度誤差，雜訊振幅大小也比其他基座型式更小、更穩定。

摘要(英)

Global positioning system (GPS) is usually used for researches of plate tectonics and crustal deformation. In most studies, GPS time series considered only time-independent noises (white noise), but time-dependent noises (color noise: flicker noise, random walk noise) which were found by nearly twenty years are also important to the precision of data. The rate uncertainties of stations will be underestimated if the GPS time series are assumed only time-independent noise. Therefore, studying the noise properties of GPS time series is necessary in order to realize the precision and reliability of velocity estimates. The lengths of GPS time series are from 541 stations around Taiwan with time spans longer than 2.5 years up to 22 years. The GPS stations include different monument types such as deep drilled braced, roof, metal tripod, concrete pier etc., and the most common type in Taiwan are the metal tripod and roof. I investigated the noise properties of continuous GPS time series by using the spectral index and amplitude of the power law noise. During the process I first remove the data outliers, and then estimate linear trend, size of offsets, and seasonal signals, and finally the amplitudes of the power-law and white noise are estimated simultaneously. The results show that the noise amplitudes of the north component are smaller than that of the other two components, and the largest amplitudes are in the vertical. I also find that the amplitudes of white noise and power-law noises are positively correlated in three components. Amplitude of white noise do not change with time, called time-independent noise. Amplitude of flicker noise and random walk noise change with time, considered be time-dependent noise, called color noise. Comparisons of noise amplitudes of different monument types in Taiwan reveal that the deep drilled braced monuments have smaller velocity uncertainties and amplitudes, are more stable than other monuments.

關鍵字(中)

★ GPS
★ 時間序列
★ 白雜訊
★ 色雜訊

關鍵字(英)

★ GPS
★ time series
★ white noise
★ color noise

論文目次

目錄
摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 v
表目錄 vii
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 文獻回顧 1
第二章研究簡介 4
2.1 GPS測站基本資訊及基座分類 4
2.2 GPS資料處理 5
第三章研究方法 29
3.1 時間域的分析 29
3.2 頻率域的分析（Spectral Analysis） 30
3.3 雜訊種類 31
3.4 最大概似估計法（Maximum Likelihood Estimate, MLE） 32
3.5 雜訊對速度誤差影響的估計 34
3.6 時間序列擬合與速度計算 35
第四章結果 46
4.1 雜訊模型分析 46
4.2 雜訊振幅 50
4.3 雜訊模型與速度誤差 51
第五章討論 75
5.1 與前人研究比較 75
5.2 速度誤差的比例參數（Scale factor） 75
5.3 環境影響 76
第六章結論 90
參考文獻 91
附錄 94

參考文獻

Agnew, D. C. (1992), The time-domain behavior of power-law noises. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19(4), 333-336. doi: 10.1029/91gl02832
Akaike, H.(1974), A new look at the statistical model identification - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1100705/
Beavan, J. (2005), Noise Properties of continuous GPS data from concrete pillar geodetic monuments in New Zealand and comparison with data from U.S. deep drilled braced monuments. J. Geophys Res., 110 (B8), B08410. doi:10.1029/2005JB003642.
Bos, M. S., R. M. S. Fernandes, S. D. P. Williams, and L. Bastos (2013), Fast error analysis of continuous GNSS observations with missing data, Journal of Geodesy, 87(4), 351–360, doi:10.1007/s00190-012-0605-0.
Dmitrieva, K., P. Segall, and C. DeMets (2015), Network-based estimation of time-dependent noise in GPS position time series. Journal of Geodesy, 89(6), 591–606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-015-0801-9
Dong, D., T. A. Herring, and R. W. King (1998), Estimating regional deformation from a combination of space and terrestrial geodetic data. J. Geod., 72, 200-214.
Dong D., P. Fang, Y. Bock, M. K. Cheng, S. Miyazaki (2002), Anatomy of apparent seasonal variations from GPS-derived site position time series. J Geophys Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000573
Feigl, K., R. King, and T. Jordan. (1990), Geodetic measurement of tectonic deformation in the Santa Maria Fold and Thrust Belt, California. J. Geophys. Res., 95(B3), 2679-2699. doi: 10.1029/JB095iB03p02679
Hackl, M., R. Malservisi, U. Hugentobler, and R. Wonnacott (2011), Estimation of velocity uncertainties from GPS time series: Examples from the analysis of the south african TrigNet network. Journal of Geophysical Research.Solid Earth, 116(11) doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008142
Herring, T., J. Davis, and I. Shapiro (1990), Geodesy by radio interferometry: The application of Kalman Filtering to the analysis of very long baseline interferometry data. J. Geophys. Res., 95(B8), 12561-12581. doi: 10.1029/JB095iB08p12561
Hosking J. R. M. (1981), Fractional differencing. Biometrika 68(1):165–176
Johnson, H. O., and F. K. Wyatt (1994), Geodetic network design for fault mechanics studies, Manuscr. Geod, 19,309-323.
Langbein, J. (2004), Noise in two-color electronic distance meter measurements revisited. J. Geophys. Res., 109(B4), B04406. doi: 10.1029/2003jb002819
Langbein, J. (2008), Noise in GPS displacement measurements from Southern California and Southern Nevada. J. Geophys. Res., 113(B5), B05405. doi: 10.1029/2007jb005247
Langbein, J., and Y. Bock (2004), High-rate real-time GPS network at Parkfield: Utility for detecting fault slip and seismic displacements. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(15). https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL019408
Langbein, J., and H. Johnson (1997), Correlated errors in geodetic time series: Implications for time-dependent deformation. J. Geophys. Res., 102(B1), 591-603. doi: 10.1029/96jb02945
Mao, A., C. G. A. Harrison, T. H. Dixon (1999), Noise in GPS coordinate time series. J Geophys Res 104: 2797–2816
Nikolaidis, R.(2002), Observation of geodetic and seismic deformation with the Global Positioning System, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Calif., San Diego.
Schwarz, G. (1978), Estimating the Dimension of a Model. The Annals of Statistics, 6(2):461–464.
Williams, S. D. P. (2003), The effect of coloured noise on the uncertainties of rates estimated from geodetic time series, Journal of Geodesy, 76(9–10), 483–494, doi:10.1007/s00190-002-0283-4.
Williams, S. D. P. (2004), Error analysis of continuous GPS position time series. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(B3). doi: 10.1029/2003JB002741
Williams, S. D. P., Y. Bock, P. Fang, P. Jamason, R. Nikolaidis, L. Prawirodirdjo, M. Miller, and D. Johnson (2004), Error analysis of continuous GPS position time series, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B03412, doi:10.1029/2003JB002741.
Wyatt, F. (1982), Displacement of Surface Monuments: Horizontal Motion. J. Geophys. Res., 87(B2), 979-989. doi: 10.1029/JB087iB02p00979
Wyatt, F. K. (1989), Displacement of Surface Monuments: Vertical Motion. J. Geophys. Res., 94(B2), 1655-1664. doi: 10.1029/JB094iB02p01655
Yu, S.-B., Y.-J. Hsu, L.-C. Kuo, H.-Y. Chen, and C.-C. Liu (2003), GPS measurement of postseismic deformation following the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 108(B11), 2520. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB00239
Zhang, J., Y. Bock, H. Johnson, P. Fang, S. Williams, J. Genrich, S. Wdowinski, and J. Behr (1997), Southern California Permanent GPS Geodetic Array: Error analysis of daily position estimates and site velocities. J. Geophys. Res., 102(B8), 18035-18055. doi: 10.1029/97jb01380
余水倍、郭隆晨、陳宏宇、蘇宣翰、許雅儒（2002）臺灣GPS密集連續觀測網之規劃與建立（II）。交通部中央氣象局技術報告彙編，第33卷，第301-318頁。
余水倍、郭隆晨、陳宏宇、蘇宣翰、許雅儒（2003）臺灣GPS密集連續觀測網之規劃與建立（III）。交通部中央氣象局技術報告彙編，第36卷，第259-274頁。
余水倍、郭隆晨、陳宏宇、蘇宣翰、蔡旻倩（2004）臺灣GPS密集連續觀測網之規劃及時間序列分析。交通部中央氣象局技術報告彙編，第39卷，第277-292頁。
余水倍、郭隆晨、陳宏宇、蘇宣翰、蔡旻倩（2004）臺灣GPS密集連續觀測網之規劃及時間序列分析（II）。交通部中央氣象局技術報告彙編，第42卷，第249-266頁。
李炘旻（2005），2003年台東成功地震之同震變形模式研究。國立中央大學地球物理研究所碩士論文，中壢市，共118頁。
饒瑞鈞、許麗文、陳燕玲、許文偉（2014）GPS觀測之雜訊分析研究（II）。交通部中央氣象局技術報告彙編，第64卷，第281-327頁。

指導教授

張午龍(Wu-Lung Chang)

審核日期

2018-8-24

推文