利用海洋測高衛星來觀測大地震 所造成的大地水準面變化

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：18

、訪客IP：3.15.211.107

姓名

姜惠倫(Hui-Lun Chiang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

地球科學學系

論文名稱

利用海洋測高衛星來觀測大地震所造成的大地水準面變化
(Using ocean satellites altimetry to observe geoid height change caused by large earthquakes)

相關論文

★ 利用EOF方法討論2004年蘇門答臘地震海平面的變化	★ 分析46年間日長變化的小波頻譜以及彈性地球對長期海潮的反應
★ 從大地水準面及地形推估地面淹水狀況	★ Spatio-Temporal Variations of Sea-Level for ENSO: Intercomparison Study of Geodetic Satellite Data
★ 地球自轉變化現象探討	★ GRACE衛星重力測量和臺灣地表水循環的探討
★ 利用新竹超導重力儀分析地震對於台灣重力的影響	★ 以測高衛星與重力衛星觀測南海水量的年際變化
★ GRACE的應用─以大地震及南極環流產生的重力變化為例	★ 地球物理資料分析在地震學與測地學的應用
★ Earthquake-induced Normal Modes of Free Oscillation of the Earth Observed in GNSS Networks

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

大地水準面（Geoid），是在物理上最靠近真實地球形狀的重力等位面，而地球的表面有超過百分之七十的面積，被海水所覆蓋，海水是為流體的一種，會趨向於最低位能的高度以達到最穩定的狀態，故在理想狀態下，海平面高度會直接被視為大地水準面的量值。在本篇文章中，使用了三組接續的測高衛星資料：Topex/Poseidon、Jason-1和Jason-2，來觀測規模約在9的地震，所造成的海平面高度變化，依此條件選擇了三個地震來做分析：2004年12月的蘇門答臘地震、2010年2月的智利大地震及2011年3月的日本東北地震。我們使用的海平高度資料，為沿著衛星軌道測得的真實值，以保持資料的高解析度和準確性，並以此資料將地震造成的同震（Coseismic）衰減和震後（Postseismic）回復的海平面變化分開比較，發現有超過雜訊干擾範圍外的可信數值，出現在結果之上，我們接著將此資料與 GRACE（Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment）衛星所計算出來的大地水準面之值及套用 EOF（Empirical Orthogonal Function）分析出來的結果做比較，發現這些數值有決定性的差異，以此比較量可引導更多的其他未來研究。

摘要(英)

The geoid is the gravitational equipotential surface that is closest to the shape of the real earth. Sea water, being fluid, flows to a lowest gravitational state such that the mean sea surface conforms to the geoid, while the dynamic height departure between them are caused by tides, winds, ocean currents, and other dynamic or even anthropogenic effects. Here we use the sea surface height data, from altimetry satellites of Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1 and Jason-2 to detect possible geoid changes due to three recent large earthquakes, namely the Sumatra-Andaman event of December 26 in 2004, Chile event of February 27 in 2010 and the Tohoku-Oki event of March 11 in 2011. Instead of applying directly the gridded sea surface height data processed by AVISO, we download the “along-track” altimetric data in the respective regions to take advantage of their detailed information content and higher resolutions. With the data, we constructed for 1-year each the pre- and post-seismic sea surface height maps in order to detect the coseismic geoid changes, and analyzing longer time series for postseismic phenomena. We found moderate geoid change signals that are above the noise level. We compared them with the observed geoid change from the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite data and then conduct EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) analysis. The comparison is encouraging and promises further studies.

關鍵字(中)

★ 測高衛星
★ 大地震
★ 大地水準面
★ 海平面高度

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

授權書
論文指導教授推薦書
論文口試委員審定書
中文摘要… i
Abstract…. ii
誌謝………….. iii
目錄……… iii
圖目錄……. iv
表目錄…… xii
第1章緒論 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 研究區域介紹 2
1-2-1 2004年蘇門答臘地震（Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake） 2
1-2-2 2010年智利地震（Chile Earthquake） 4
1-2-3 2011年日本東北地震（Tohoku-Oki Earthquake） 6
1-3 前人研究 8
1-3-1 使用沿著測高衛星軌道取得的數據之相關應用 8
1-3-2 由重力衛星測得之大地水準面與重力變化的研究 13
1-4 本文內容 19
第2章理論基礎 20
2-1 大地水準面（Geoid） 20
2-2 海平面高度（Sea Surface Height, SSH） 21
2-3 參考橢球面（Reference Ellipsoid） 22
2-4 聖嬰－南方震盪現象（El Niño-Southern Oscillation, ENSO） 23
2-5 多重聖嬰－南方震盪指數（Multivariate ENSO Index, MEI） 24
2-6 地震週期（Earthquake Cycle） 26
第3章衛星資料與細節 28
3-1 測高衛星（Satellite Altimetry） 28
3-1-1 簡介 28
3-1-2 衛星介紹──TOPEX/Poseidon 29
3-1-3 衛星介紹──Jason-1 32
3-1-4 衛星介紹──Jason-2 32
3-2 重力衛星 33
3-2-1 簡介 33
3-2-2 衛星介紹──GRACE衛星 36
3-2-3 衛星介紹──GOCE衛星 38
第4章資料與分析方式 40
4-1 本文使用之測高衛星資料 40
4-2 最小平方法（Least-Squares Fit） 41
4-3 經驗正交函數（Empirical Orthogonal Function, EOF） 43
4-4 研究流程介紹 45
第5章研究結果與討論 46
5-1 EOF分析結果 46
5-1-1 蘇門達臘地區 46
5-1-2 智利外海區域 51
5-1-3 日本東北地區 55
5-2 地震區域的整體海平面變化 60
5-2-1 蘇門達臘地區 60
5-2-2 智利外海區域 61
5-2-3 日本東北地區 62
5-3 通過震央上空的軌道資料 63
5-3-1 蘇門達臘地區 63
5-3-2 智利外海區域 66
5-3-3 日本東北地區 67
5-4 震央處定點時間序列 69
5-4-1 蘇門達臘地區 69
5-4-2 智利外海區域 71
5-4-3 日本東北地區 72
第6章結論與建議 75
參考文獻… 77

參考文獻

Bjerknes J. (1969). Atmosheric Teleconnections from the Euatorial Pacific. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 97, No. 3, 164 – 172.
Björnsson H., and S. A. Venegas (1997). A Manual for EOF and SVD Analyses of Climatic Data. C2GCR Report, No.97 - 1.
Broerse T., P. Visser, J. Bouman, M. Fuchs, B. Vermeersen, and M. Schmidt (2013). Modelling and Observing the Mw 8.8 Chile 2010 and Mw 9.0 Japan 2011 Earthquakes Using GOCE. International Association of Geodesy Symposia, Vol. 139, 303 – 310.
Dunbar B., and M. Hardin (1992). Misson to Planet Earth TOPEX/Poseidon. NASA/CNES Press Kit.
Einarsson I., A. Hoechner, R. Wang and J. Kusche (2010). Gravity Changes Due to the Sumatra-Andaman and Nias Earthquakes as Detected by the GRACE Satellites: A Reexamination. Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 183, 733 – 747.
Farías M., D. Comte, S. Roecker, D. Carrizo, and M. Pardo (2011). Crustal Extensional Faulting Triggered by the 2010 Chilean Earthquake: The Pichilemu Seismic Sequence. Tectonics, Vol. 30, TC6010.
Fitch T. J. (1972). Plate Convergence, Transcurrent Faults and Internal Deformation Adjacent to Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 77, 4432–4460.
Fu, L. L., E. J. Christensen, C. A. Yamarone Jr., M. Lefebvre, Y. Menard, M. Dorrer, P. Escudier (1994). TOPEX/Poseidon Mission Overview. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 99, No. C12, 24369 – 24381.
Gross R. S., B. F. Chao (2006). The Rotational and Gravitational Signature of the December 26, 2004 Sumatran Earthquake. Surveys in Geophysics, Vol. 27, 615 –632.
Hannachi A., I. T. Jolliffe and D. B. Stephenson (2007). Empirical Orthogonal Functions and Related Techniques in Atmospheric Science: A Review. International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 27, 1119 – 1152.
Hayashi Y., K. Hirata, T. Kuragano, T. Sakurai, H. Takayama, Y. Hasegawa, and Nobuo Hamada (2007). Feasibility Study on the Potential of Satellite Altimetry for Detecting Seismic Geoid Changes Due to the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake. Earth Planets Space, Vol. 59, 1149 – 1153.
Kulikov E. A., P. P. Medvedev, and S. S. Lappo (2005). Satellite Recording of the Indian Ocean Tsunami on December 26, 2004. Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 401A, No. 3, 444 – 448.
Lafon T., and F. Parisot (1998). The Jason-1 Satellites Design and Development Status. 12th AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, SSC98 – V - 6.
McCaffrey R. (2009). The Tectonic Framework of the Sumatran Subduction Zone. Annual Review Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 37, 345–366.
Mertz F., V. Rosmorduc, C. Maheu, Y. Faugère (2017). Product User Manual for Sea Level SLA Products. Copernicus Marine Environment Monitering Service. http://marine. copernicus.eu
Ogawa R., and K. Heki (2007). Slow Postseismic Recovery of Geoid Depression Formed by the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake by Mantle Water Diffusion. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, L06313.
Peng Z., J. I.Walter, R. C. Aster, A. Nyblade, D. A. Wiens and S. Anandakrishnan. (2014). Antarctic Icequakes Triggered by the 2010 Maule Earthquake in Chile. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 7, 677-681.
Pujol M. I., Y. Faugère, G. Taburet, S. Dupuy, C. Pelloquin, M. Ablain, and N. Picot (2016). DUACS DT2014: The New Multi-mission Altimeter Data Set Reprocessed Over 20 Years. Ocean Science, Vol. 12, 1067–1090.
Reid H. F. (1910). The Mechanics of the Earthquake, the California Earthquake of April 18, 1906. Report of the State Investigation Commission, Vol.2, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. (see especially pages 16-28).
Rummel R., G. Balmino, J. Johannessen, P. Visser, P. Woodworth (2002). Dedicated Gravity Field Missions──Principles and Aims. Journal of Geodynamics, Vol. 33, 3-20.

Sánchez-Reales J. M., M. I. Vigo, S. Jin, B. F. Chao. (2012). Global Surface Geostrophic Ocean Currents Derived from Satellite Altimetry and GOCE Geoid. Marine Geodesy, Vol. 35, No. S1, 175–189.
Schuyrer M. (1997). European Capabilities and Prospects for a Spaceborne Gravimetric Mission. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, Vol. 65, 569-589.
Seeber G. (2003). Satellite Geodsy. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co.
Sladen A. and H. H´ebert (2008). On the Use of Satellite Altimetry to Infer the Earthquake Rupture Characteristics: Application to the 2004 Sumatra Event. Geophysical Journal International, Vol., 172, 707–714.
Stewart R., L.-L. Fu, M. Lefebvre (1986). Science Opportunities from the TOPEX/ Poseidon Mission. Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publication, 86–18.
Tanaka,Y., and K. Heki (2014). Long- and Short-term Postseismic Gravity Changes of Megathrust Earthquakes from Satellite Gravimetry. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, 5451–5456.
Thatcher W. (1993). The Earthquake Cycle and Its Role in the Long-term Deformation of the Continental Lithosphere. Annali Di Geofisica, Vol., XXXVI, N. 2.
Wahr J., and M. Molenaar (1998). Time variability of the Earth′s Gravity Field: Hydrological and Oceanic Effects and Their Possible Detection Using GRACE. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 103, No. B12, 30205-30229.

指導教授

趙丰

審核日期

2017-8-21

推文