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姓名	馮嵩棣(Song-Di Fong)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	應用地質研究所
論文名稱	裂隙網路迴流效應對流場及溶質傳輸之影響 (The effect of local flow on flow and contaminant transport in discrete fracture networks)
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摘要(中)	目前對於封閉裂隙(dead-end fracture)並無詳細的研究與解析，尤其在二維離散模式中，通常將封閉裂隙視為無導水能力的區域，而在模式生成離散裂隙網路階段時被去除、忽略；然而，在三維離散模式下卻顯示出重要的局部迴流效應(local flow effect)，發生迴流效應之封閉裂隙可稱為迴流單元(local flow cell)，此迴流效性亦直接影響污染團在裂隙網路的傳輸機制。為瞭解迴流效應對離散裂裂隙網路中流場與保守性污染物傳輸的機制，本研究以雙片裂隙，建構多種裂隙位態組合，以裂隙網路數值模式探討迴流效應對於流場以及溶質傳輸之影響。本研究首先使用商用模式HYDRUS 3D，模擬一組正交裂隙網路下的裂隙岩體，分析母岩與裂隙交互作用下的影響，探討在何種母岩孔隙率及水力傳導係數下可忽略母岩影響。依據分析成果，進一步使用離散裂隙模式模擬不同裂隙位態組合下，流場及傳輸行為受封閉裂隙的影響。模擬結果顯示，背景水力梯度方向與裂隙交線之間的夾角為非正交時，封閉裂隙可提供局部流場而引致迴流效應發生，背景水力梯度方向與裂隙交線之間的夾角越小時，封閉裂隙中的迴流效應越大。愈大的迴流效應，將使得污染團更容易流入封閉裂隙中，造成傳輸過程較明顯的遲滯現象，污染團也因封閉裂隙造成的迴流效應而產生較大的污染團團塊變形及空間分佈偏移。
摘要(英)	The dead-end fractures in discrete fracture networks (DFNs) play an important role in the analysis of flow and contaminant transport. In two-dimensional DFN cases, the dead-end fractures have usually been considered as no-flow zones and have been removed at the stage of constructing a DFN. Such simplification is not valid for three-dimensional DFNs. The local flow effect induced by dead-end fractures can considerably influence the flow and transport mechanism in the three-dimensional fracture networks. The study developed a full three-dimensional DFN model to assess the effect of dead-end fracture on flow and conservative solute transport in relatively simple DFNs. The testing scenarios included different fracture orientations intersected by two fracture plates. This study also employed the HYDRUS model to quantify the influence of matrix porosity and hydraulic conductivity on flow and contaminant transport. The results from HYDRUS provided indications for neglecting the influence of rock matrix. The results from the developed DFN model showed that the dead-end fractures can lead to local flow when the angle between the background hydraulic gradient and the fracture intersection is non-orthogonal. The smaller the angle the stronger the local flow in the dead-end fractures. Additionally, the local flows in dead-end fractures can trap contaminant plume and enhance retardation behavior in the solute transport procedure.
關鍵字(中)	★ 封閉裂隙 ★ 離散裂隙網路 ★ 迴流效應 ★ HYDRUS 3D ★ 裂隙交線 ★ 遲滯	關鍵字(英)	★ dead-end fracture ★ discrete fracture networks ★ local flow effect ★ HYDRUS 3D ★ fracture intersection ★ retardation
論文目次	摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 誌謝 iii 圖片目錄 vi 表格目錄 x 一. 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 研究動機 2 1.3 研究目的 2 1.4 研究流程 2 1.5 論文架構 3 二. 文獻回顧 5 2.1 連續模式(continuum approach) 5 2.1.1 代表性體積(REV) 6 2.1.2 雙孔隙率模式 6 2.1.3 三連續模式 7 2.2 離散模式(discrete approach) 8 2.3 裂隙與母岩交互作用 10 2.4 裂隙交接處(fracture intersection) 12 三. 理論與方法 17 3.1 主流向與裂隙交線夾角概念說明 17 3.2 HYDRUS 3D 18 3.2.1 控制方程式 18 3.2.2 HYDRUS 3D模形建立與網格生成 22 3.3 離散裂隙網路模式 22 3.3.1 控制方程式 22 3.3.2 裂隙幾何結構以及網格生成 23 3.3.3 裂隙方位逆轉流程(BRP) 24 3.3.4 有限元素法求解水流與溶質傳輸 25 3.4 初始條件設定 25 3.5 邊界條件設定 26 四. 模擬結果 28 4.1 HYDRUS 3D概念模型(conceptual model) 28 4.1.1 HYDRUS 3D三維十字正交雙裂隙平板模型 31 4.1.2 HYDRUS 3D單一裂隙平板模型 38 4.1.2.1 推估母岩孔隙率影響差異 38 4.1.2.2 推估裂隙與母岩水力傳導係數數量及差異 40 4.2 DFN概念模型 42 4.2.1 地下水穩態流場模擬結果 44 4.2.2 溶質傳輸模擬結果 53 五. 結論與建議 66 5.1 結論 66 5.2 建議 68 參考文獻 69 附錄A 75 A.1. HYDRUS3D模型建立中文使用手冊 75
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指導教授	倪春發(Chuen-Fa Ni)	審核日期	2017-7-28
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