Imam Al-Ghazali的觀點下看家族學中的祖靈

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阿法瑞(Muhamad Afifudin Alfarisi) 查詢紙本館藏

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哲學研究所在職專班

論文名稱

Imam Al-Ghazali的觀點下看家族學中的祖靈
(The Genealogy of Spirit In Imam Al-Ghazali′s Spirit)

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摘要(中)

摘要
過去Imam al-Ghazali的研究著眼於祖靈的家譜概念，利用公式將家譜概念作為一種方法。作者發現，在al-Ghazali的研究中，祖靈的解讀不同於外行人僅僅是對生命力量的理解。按照al-Ghazali的解釋，祖靈是一種神聖的元素（Rabbaniyyah）;人類是為生命而被創造的，當他們死亡時，它意味著靈魂將回到創造者（上帝）。該研究使用系譜學方法來找出已被理解的事物的起源，而本研究將單獨預測歷史。希望家譜學能夠揭示al-Ghazali作品中精神敘述的意義。
過去文獻中，作者在Carl Gustav Jung中解釋「靈魂」概念。而專注於「靈魂」概念是因為它在al-Ghazali「靈」概念之間非常接近。因此，榮格理論中的「靈魂」將被認為是al-Ghazali精神的原始模型，以描述精神本身。
同時，Al-Ghazali在古蘭經的基礎上建立了一種名為Spirit的價值精神，當然，該想法也適用於上述概念，強調靈魂也是「絕對」由祖靈所構成的，而Al-Ghazali將宗教與祖靈兩者的概念合併。
al-Ghazali的概念描述是建立在古蘭經和聖訓的精神之上。而 al-Ghazali將聖靈分為三個部分：Nafs的力量（祖靈），Qolb的力量（靈魂）和Aql的力量（智力）。最終，這個概念與伊斯蘭教的末世論敘事有關，從而在人類社會中創造了伊斯蘭神秘主義傳統。
此外，為了理解現有解釋背後的含義，對祖靈的理解將立基於在系譜學上。作者希望在基於al-Ghazali的視角對祖靈的理解中找到闡述靈魂的意義，並且旨在進一步回應伊斯蘭學者們對於實證現代主義的批判性研究。

摘要(英)

The research focuses on the genealogical concept of the Spirit in the perspective of Imam al-Ghazali. The formulation makes use of the Genealogy concepts as an approach. The author finds that in the work of al-Ghazali, he explains the Spirit as differing from the understanding of the layman who considers that the Spirit is merely the power of life. The concept of the Spirit according to al-Ghazali is a divine element (Rabbaniyyah); human beings are created for life and when they die, it means the return to the creator (God). The study uses the Genealogical approach to finding the origins of what has been understood, but we settle on presupposing the history alone. Genealogy is expected to reveal the meaning of the spiritual narration contained in Ghazali′s works.
Author would be explaining the concept of Personality in Carl Gustav Jung. Focus on “Psyche” concept because it is very close between the concept of the spirit in Al-Ghazali. Hencefore, Psyche in Jung’s theory would be figuring as raw model of spirit in Al-Ghazali to describing of Spirit itself.
Meanwhile, Al-Ghazali establishes the Spirits of a value called Spirit based on the Qur’an, certainly, the side of the proposal is also applied in its concepts, emphasizing the “absolute” also done by it, and Al-Ghazali merged with Religion and Spiritualism.
The al-Ghazali’s concept described spirit based on Qur’an and Sunnah. Then, al-Ghazali divided the Spirit into three parts: Potency of Nafs (Soul), Potency of Qolb (heart), and Potency of Aql (intellectual). Later, the concept is connected to the eschatological narrative in the Islamic Religion, thus creating an Islamic Mysticism tradition in society.
Furthermore, the understanding of the Spirit will be sought genealogically for the purpose of understanding the meaning behind the existing interpretations. The author wishes to find the meaning of spiritual narrative based on the understanding of the Spirit in al-Ghazali′s perspective, and aims to further pursue a critical study in response to modernism practiced by some Islamic scholars.

關鍵字(中)

★ 祖靈
★ 家族學中
★ Imam Al-Ghazali
★ 伊斯蘭哲學

關鍵字(英)

★ Spirit
★ Genealogy
★ Imam Al-Ghazali
★ Islamic Philosophy

論文目次

Contents
Power of Attorney ii
Approval iii
Verification iv
Abstract v
Dedication vii
Quotation viii
Acknowledgments ix
Contents x
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 3
1.2 Questions and Limit of the Research 3
1.3 Aims of the Research 3
1.4 Literatures Review 3
1.5 Research Method 4
1.6 Basic Theory 5

2. BIOGRAPHY OF AL-GHAZALI’S LIFE 7
2.1 Background Thought of al-Ghazali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1.1 Religious and Intellectual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1.2 AL-Ghazali’s Early Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 The Works of al-Ghazali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3. THE SPIRIT AND ISLAMIC SPIRITUALITY 17
3.1 The Principles of Spirituality in Islam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.1.1 The Essence of Qur’an . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.1.2 The Qur’anic Presence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.1.3 The Sacred History in the Qur’an . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.1.4 The Qur’an: Source of Islamic Thought and Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.1.5 The Qur’an as Element of Spiritual Path Way and Art in Islam . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2 Sufism: The Part of Spiritualistic Tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.3 The Spiritual Practice in Al-Ghazali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

4. GENEALOGY OF SPIRIT IN AL-GHAZALI’S THOUGHTS 30
4.1 The Origins of Spirit 30
4.1.1 Spirit as Psyche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.1.2 In Personality of the Spirit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.1.3 Spirit: Nafs, Aql, Qolb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.1.3.1 The Spirit as Nafs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.1.3.2 The Spirit as Aql . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.1.3.3 The Spirit as Qalb (heart) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.2 Spiritual Consciousness 44
4.2.1 The Concept of Consciousness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.2.2 The Concept of Spirituality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.2.3 The Spiritual Consciousness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.3 Qolb (Heart) as Peak of The Spirit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5. CONCLUSION 59
6. REFERENCES 63

參考文獻

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指導教授

孫雲平(Sun, Yun-Ping)

審核日期

2018-7-2

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