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姓名	王生樂(Sheng-Le Wang)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	光電科學與工程學系
論文名稱	利用液晶相位空間光調制器實現波長及焦距可調之反射式Fresnel光學透鏡 (Wavelength and focal length tunable reflective Fresnel lenses using liquid crystal spatial light modulators)
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摘要(中)	本實驗係利用反射式液晶空間光調制器(Reflective Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator, 簡稱RLC-SLM)產生不同樣式之Fresnel Zone Plates (簡稱FZP)，透過調制灰階、聚焦位置及對應波長等參數進行白光色彩分離暨色序式顯示的加法混色調制效果，實現即時性波長及焦距可調之反射式Fresnel光學聚焦透鏡。 首先，我們藉由Matlab進行輸入之FZP圖型資訊繪製與檢視，透過灰階調制選定適宜的參數範圍。利用RLC-SLM輸出FZP為二元相位式FZP，相較於傳統製程的FZP必須犧牲奇數圈或偶數圈的繞射效率，能有更高的光利用效率及繞射效率。當以RLC-SLM呈現之FZP其奇偶圈相位差為π時，元件之第一階繞射效率經誤差校正後約為36～38%，其結果趨近於二元相位式之FZP繞射效率理論最大值40.5%。其次，基於FZP具有高階聚焦點的現象，我們成功地透過程式碼塗改某些不必要圈數的存在，進而製造出該FZP原不存在的聚焦點。 最後，我們利用FZP將白光主要波長分離成對應顏色的聚焦點，證明FZP圖型能夠針對選定波長進行聚焦，而其他波長則呈現非完全聚焦或甚至散焦的成像結果。此外，亦利用網頁編碼器Adobe Brackets以高於人眼分辨率之影格率(frame rate)快速切換對應光源波長峰值之不同FZP形成加法混色效果，透過量測白光光源與聚焦點的光譜交互確認相符，即輸入具有多個波長峰值之光源時，焦距上會呈現對應不同顏色調制結果。換言之，可利用該方法透過FZP及加法混色法達成白光聚焦之反射式Fresnel光學聚焦透鏡。
摘要(英)	We have successfully demonstrated electrically switchable wavelength and focal length tunable reflective Fresnel lenses using liquid crystal spatial light modulators (SLM) based on a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) device. The SLM device can display various Fresnel zone plates (FZP) with different grayscales, focal lengths, wavelengths, and others. On the basis of the real time switches of FZP with suitable parameters, the white light focusing based on color sequential and additive color techniques can be realized. First, the corresponding FZPs, plotted by the software of Matlab, for different focal lengths and wavelengths with appropriate ranges of parameters were elucidated. By using such an LCoS device, the phase difference between these two adjacent ring areas of each FZP can be electrically tuned to be about π to approach the maximum focusing efficiency. After analyzing the focusing efficiency of light utilization, the experimentally obtained maximum diffraction efficiencies reached about 36-38%, close to the theoretical limit value of ~40.5%. Second, regarding the FZPs having characteristics of several orders of focal points, we successfully removed the unnecessary rings of FZPs to achieve a new focal point, which was absent in the original FZP. Finally, we also used FZPs to separate the white light, the mixing light of three wavelengths of 632.8 nm, 532 nm, and 450 nm, to the desired color light at their focal points. This experiment proved that the FZP patterns are able to focus the light with the desired wavelength, while others are out of focus or even defocusing. Furthermore, the switching of different FZPs, which correspond to the wavelengths of 632.8 nm, 532 nm, and 450 nm, with its frame time shorter than the limitation of humans’ eyes was adopted to mix these three lights according to the additive color technique. Experimentally, the spectra of focusing lights at their focal points were consistent with the theoretical analyses. The color of the combined lights at the focal points were contributed from the main wavelengths of the incident light source. In other words, we can obtain a white focal point by using various reflective Fresnel lenses.
關鍵字(中)	★ 液晶 ★ 空間光調制器 ★ 菲涅耳區板 ★ 繞射效率 ★ 色序式顯示技術	關鍵字(英)	★ Liquid Crystal ★ Spatial Light Modulator ★ Fresnel Zone Plate ★ Diffraction Efficiency ★ Color Sequential Technology
論文目次	摘要..............................................................................i ABSTRACT.........................................................................ii 誌謝..............................................................................iv 目錄..............................................................................vi 圖目錄............................................................................ix 表目錄............................................................................xii 符號說明..........................................................................xiv 第一章 緒論........................................................................1 §1-1 研究背景......................................................................1 §1-2 研究動機......................................................................1 §1-3 文獻回顧......................................................................2 §1-4 論文架構......................................................................2 第二章 液晶簡介.....................................................................4 §2-1 液晶的定義....................................................................4 §2-2 液晶的分類....................................................................5 §2-2-1 向列型液晶(nematics)........................................................5 §2-2-2 層列型液晶(smectics)........................................................6 §2-2-3 膽固醇型液晶(cholesterics)..................................................8 §2-3 液晶的光電特性................................................................11 §2-3-1 折射率異向性................................................................11 §2-3-2 介電常數異向性..............................................................14 §2-3-3 連續彈性體理論..............................................................16 第三章 相關理論介紹................................................................18 §3-1 空間光調制器(Spatial Light Modulator).........................................18 §3-1-1 矽基液晶(Liquid Crystal on Silicon)顯示器...................................18 §3-1-2 垂直排列型(Vertical Alignment)液晶..........................................19 §3-2 菲涅耳區板(Fresnel Zone Plate)................................................21 §3-2-1 傳統菲涅耳區板..............................................................21 §3-2-2 二元相位式(Binary Phase)菲涅耳區板...........................................24 §3-3 色序式顯示技術(Color Sequential LCD)..........................................28 §3-4 黑色矩陣(Black Matrix)造成的繞射效應...........................................29 第四章 實驗方法與實驗過程...........................................................32 §4-1 液晶空間光調制器特性...........................................................32 §4-1-1 儀器基本規格與驗證...........................................................32 §4-2 實驗流程......................................................................33 §4-2-1 繞射效率量測之實驗架設.......................................................34 §4-2-2 聚焦點色彩調制...............................................................35 第五章 實驗結果與討論...............................................................37 §5-1 菲涅耳區板於LCoS上之呈現情形觀察................................................37 §5-1-1 巨觀(目視)觀測...............................................................37 §5-1-2 微觀(偏光顯微鏡)觀測.........................................................38 §5-2 灰階調制暨最佳參數選定..........................................................42 §5-2-1 聚焦位置選定.................................................................42 §5-2-2 菲涅耳區板灰階調制...........................................................45 §5-3 繞射效率量測...................................................................48 §5-3-1 三原色光繞射效率量測..........................................................48 §5-3-2 繞射效率誤差討論..............................................................50 §5-3-3 高階聚焦點討論................................................................59 §5-4 菲涅耳區板色光調制與合成.........................................................64 §5-4-1 利用菲涅耳區板進行色光分離與調制................................................64 §5-4-2 利用菲涅耳區板進行聚焦點加法混色................................................70 第六章 結論與未來展望.................................................................72 §6-1 結論............................................................................72 §6-2 未來展望........................................................................74 參考文獻.............................................................................77
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指導教授	鄭恪亭(Ko-Ting Cheng)	審核日期	2018-8-2
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