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以作者查詢圖書館館藏 、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士 、以作者查詢全國書目 、勘誤回報 、線上人數：126 、訪客IP：3.144.94.134
姓名 龍考弗(Cao Phuc Long Hoa) 查詢紙本館藏 畢業系所 物理學系 論文名稱 使用 CMS 探測器測量 √s = 13 TeV 質子-質子碰撞中 Z γ 產生截面
(Measurement of the Zγ production cross-section in proton-proton collision at √s = 13TeV with the CMS detector)檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式]
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至系統瀏覽論文 (2026-1-31以後開放)
摘要(中) 本論文使用 CMS 偵測器在 LHC Run-II 所收集的數據進行 Z γ 的截面積量測,其總數據量為 138 fb -1 。Z 玻色子是在 LHC 質子-質子碰撞中所產生的,其對撞質心能量為 13 TeV。該分析的訊號事件需要包括從 Z 玻色子衰變成一對電子 (e+e−) 或是ㄧ對緲子(μ+μ−) 以及最終狀態的高能量光子 (final-state photon)。透過擬合候選光子的簇射形狀 (shower shape) 以多元辨識分佈 (multivariateidentification distribution) 的分析方法來提取訊號 (signal)。量測到的 Z γ 的微分截面積隨光子橫向能量 ( E T γ ) 、輕子-輕子-光子橫向動量 ( p T llγ ) 和不變質量 ( m llγ ) 以及噴流 (Jets) 多重性變化之關係也呈現於論文中。論文中也對於量測到的 Z γ 截面積與次領先
順序 (NLO) 的理論預測分佈進行了比較。摘要(英) The production cross-section of the Z boson in associated with a photon was measured via the charged leptonic channel using data collected during the Run-II operation of the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb −1 . The Z bosons were produced in proton-proton collision at the center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Signal events were erquierd to include a pair of electrons (e + e − ) or muons (μ + μ − ) decaying from the Z boson and a energetic photon in the final state. Signal yields were extracted by fitting shower-shape multivariate identification distribution of the photon candidates. The differential cross-sections of this process were measured in photon transvere energy (EγT), lepton-lepton-photon transverse momentum and invariant mass (p llγT and mllγ) and the jet multiplicity. The observed cross-sections were compared with the theoretical prediction at Next-to-Leading-Order (NLO). 關鍵字(中) ★ cms 關鍵字(英) ★ cms 論文目次 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 Theoretical overview 2
1.1 The standard model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Anomalous tripple gauge coupling in Zγ production . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Experimental Setup 5
2.1 The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Preshower MIP calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2.1 The Partice-flow algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3 Analysis method 12
3.1 Signal identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.1.1 Electron selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.1.2 Muon selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1.3 Photon selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1.4 Jets selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1.5 Criteria for event selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2 Signal extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2.1 The photon shower-shape MVA variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2.2 Template fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2.3 Bias correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.3 Estimation of true signal yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.3.1 The Tag-and-probe method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.3.2 The electron reconstruction scale-factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.3.3 The electron high-level-trigger scale-factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.3.4 The photon identification (ID) scale-factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.3.5 The CSEV scale-factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4 Result 38
4.1 Systematic uncertainties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.1.1 photon energy scale and resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.1.2 shower-shape correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.1.3 scale-factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
v
4.1.4 Pile-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.1.5 Summary of systematic uncertainties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.2 Differential cross-section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.2.1 Test result from MC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.2.2 Differential cross-section in photon ET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.2.3 Differential cross-section in pllγ T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.2.4 Differential cross-section in m(llγ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.2.5 Differential cross-section in jet-multiplicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.3 Integrated cross-section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5 Conclusion 50
A MIPs calibration fit plots 51
B Template fit results 56
B.1 Data binned in photon ET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
B.1.1 Bias estimation fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
B.1.2 Signal extraction fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
B.2 Data binned in pllγ T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
B.2.1 Bias estimation fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
B.2.2 Signal extraction fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
B.3 Data binned in photon mllγ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
B.3.1 Bias estimation fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
B.3.2 Signal extraction fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
B.4 Data binned in number of jets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
B.4.1 Bias estimation fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
B.4.2 Signal extraction fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
C Electron trigger scale-factor fit results 70
C.1 Trigger leg-1 (pe T > 23 GeV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
C.2 Trigger leg-2 (pe T > 12 GeV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
D Electron trigger scale-factor fit results 81
Bibliography 84
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