| 摘要(英) |
The use of nuclear power generation has become one of the major sources of electricity in the world, but the nuclear fuel waste is tricky to treat due to its radioactive characteristic that the half-life of decay is as long as hundreds of thousands of years. Additionally, the decay heat generated during the decay process will have a temperature field effect on surroundings. How to completely isolate the used nuclear fuel from the biosphere is the common goal of all advanced nuclear energy countries. At present, the treatment for used nuclear fuel is based on the concept of “Deep Geologic Disposal”, which intends to isolate migration of radioactive species in deep formations. However, it is mainly affected by Thermal, Hydro, Mechanical, and Chemical factors, called T-H-M-C coupling effect, and usually two or more factors interact, leading the unexpected function of the final disposal site.
To access the THM coupling effects, this study proposed a small-scale physical modeling and the related numerical simulation. Firstly, the small-scale test continues Lin (2017) T-H coupling test, and the test scenario was applied in terms of heating specimen first and water intrusion subsequently. This is much in accordance with the actual situation when the buffer material is subjected to the temperature change caused by the decay heat initially and then subjected to the groundwater intrusion in field. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used as the core method to observe the water intrusion, and different initial dry density sets (1.4 g/cm3, 1.5 g/cm3, 1.6 g/cm3) were applied in the small-scale test. Three-dimensional diagrams of apparent dielectric constant, temperature, and volumetric water content were established accordingly. Due to the high swelling pressure of the tested bentonite, it produced re-expansion after water absorption. The inside of the specimen was squeezed, causing the changes of pores and making the dry density be changed consequently. Furthermore, it was observed that the bottom of the specimen was squeezed upward because the fixed boundary, while the TDR sensor was pushed up. Since the volumetric water content of the three-dimensional diagrams needs to correspond to dry density, calculation error produced in the case of a change in dry density. Therefore, the current observations of water content variation did not meet the actual situation.
To verify the feasibility of the numerical simulation, this study adopt influence factors of dry density changes, swelling due to saturation, and the infiltration rate as function of temperature of the internal sample. The calculations of each dry density sample were performed and similar to those of the manual sampling, indicating a certain degree of confidence in the numerical simulation. Possible future demand for the case of deep geologic disposal field simulation, and the establishment of large-scale numerical simulation to be satisfied the actual situation of the disposal field |
| 參考文獻 |
陳文泉，(2004)，「高放射性廢棄物深層地質處置緩衝材料之回脹行為研究」，國立中央大學土木工程學系，博士論文。
蘇依豪，(2005)，「最終處置場緩衝材料地下水入侵模擬研究」，國立中央大學，碩士論文。
李宛諭，(2007)，「土壤吸力對緩衝材料飽和行為之影響極模擬研究」，國立中央大學，碩士論文。
王雅薇，(2008)，「緩衝材料在熱/水力耦合作用下溫度分布與水力傳導性研究」，國立中央大學，碩士論文。
莊怡芳，(2008)，「未飽和緩衝材料與水力傳導度推球及再飽和行為」，國立中央大學，碩士論文。
行政院原子能委員會，(2010)，「放射性物料管理法」，行政院原子能委員會放射性物料管理局，華總一義字第09100248760號。
林伯聰，(2013)，「國際高放射性廢棄物最終處置場址技術準則之研究」，行政院原子能委員會放射性物料管理局，委託研究計畫研究報告。
黃偉慶，(2014)，「用過核子燃料深層地質處置場近場緩衝材料耦合效應研析」，行政院原子能委員會放射性物料管理局，委託計畫研究期末報告。
李冠宏，(2016)，「最終處置場近場環境對緩衝材料回脹壓力之影響」，國立中央大學，碩士論文。
蔡家恩，(2016)，「用過核子燃料最終處置場緩衝材料之熱-水耦合實驗及模擬」，國立中央大學，碩士論文。
林柏吾，(2017)，「深地層最終處置場緩衝材料小型熱-水耦合實驗中分層含水量量測改善」，國立中央大學，碩士論文。
総合資源エネルギー調査会，(2015)，「地層処分技術 WG 第 12 回会合参考資料」，総合資源エネルギー調査会電力・ガス事業分科会 原子力小委員会。
ABAQUS Analysis User’s Manual Vol. I, Section 6.8.1
ASTM (2014). “Standard Test Method for Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Soil and Soft Rock by Thermal Needle Probe Procedure” D5334.
Borgesson, L., (1999). “Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical calculations of the water saturation phase of a KBS-3 deposition hole.” SKB TR 99-41.
Cho, W. J., Lee, J. O., Chun, K. S., (1999), “The temperature effects on hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite.” Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, South Korea.
Choi, H. J., LEE, J. Y., Choi, J., (2012) “Development of geological disposal systemsfor spent fuels and high-level radioactivewastes in Korea”, Radioactive Waste Disposal Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute.
Chen, L., Liu, Y.M., Wang, J., Cao, S.F., Xie, J. L., Ma, L.K., Zhao, X.G., Li, Y.W., Liu, J., (2014) “Investigation of the thermal-hydro-mechanical (THM) behavior of GMZ bentonite in the China-Mock-up test,” Engineering Geology, Vol.172, pp. 57–68
Davis, J.L. and Annan, A.P. (1977). “Electromagnetic determination of soil moisture: progress report Ι.” Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 3, pp. 76-86.
Lee, J. O., Cho, W.J., Kwon, S. (2010) Suction and water uptake in unsaturated compacted bentonite, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Republic of Korea.
Luan, D., Tang, J., Liu, F., Tang, Z., Li, F., Lin, H., Stewart, B., (2015) “Dielectric properties of bentonite water pastes used for stable loads in microwave thermal processing systems” Journal of Food Engineering, U.S.A.
SKB (2014). “Tests and simulations of THM processes relevant for the buffer installation”, SKB P 14-22
Pintado, X., Mamunul, H. Md., Martikainen, J., (2013), “Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Tests of Buffer Material”, POSIVA 2012-49.
Topp, G.C., Davis, J.L., and Annan, A.P. (1980). “Electromagnetic determination of soil water content: measurement in coaxial transmission lines.” Water Resources Research, Vol. 16, pp. 574-582.
Villar, M.V., Martín, P.L., Bárcena, I., García-Siñeriz, J.L., Gómez-Espina, R., Lloret, A., (2012), “Long-term experimental evidences of saturation of compacted bentonite under repository conditions”, Engineering Geology. |
[Endnote RIS 格式]
[相關文章]
[文章引用]
[完整記錄]
[館藏目錄]
[檢視]
plurk
funp
live
udn
HD
myshare
netvibes
friend
youpush
delicious
baidu
Google bookmarks
del.icio.us
hemidemi
facebook
twitter
google
reddit