鋪面劣化影像自動辨識應用於鋪面巡查精進研究

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姓名

許世旻(Shih-Ming Hsu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

鋪面劣化影像自動辨識應用於鋪面巡查精進研究
(Application of Automatic Image Recognition in Pavement Distress for Improving Pavement Inspection)

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摘要(中)

高頻率的道路巡檢是現今台灣各級道路維持道路水準及避免因道路毀損而造成傷亡事故.而各級道路之道路巡檢皆有賴於開口合約廠商之巡檢，其提供高頻率之鋪面巡檢以及附屬設施之檢查。主要道路之巡檢頻率從一天至一周為週期依各級機關要求而有所不同，然而廠商巡查之檢測設備以及大量巡修資料卻缺乏後續之相關應用或PCI等數值化之轉換，使巡檢之資料無法達到大數據應用以提升道路長期養護之功效。
因此本篇研究利用檢視現有之道路巡檢方式，並利用現行之巡檢設備做其後端影像辨識軟體之開發，希望能提升現行廠商之巡檢效益，將破壞自動辨別，並導入ASTM D6433-16 之 PCI 數值當中，導出數值化之道路成效。
本篇研究利用行車記錄器以及相關低成本高普及率之影像裝置為主要硬體，利用影片切割至影像以及車行速度之關係來取得完整道路之影像，以SLIC Superpixels 為主要辨識原理所開發，透過兩階段之影像分群已篩選出影像中的鋪面破壞。分群出之破壞再利用破壞分類之判定來界定出補錠、坑洞、縱橫向裂縫、鱷魚狀裂縫，再導入PCI之數值運算。
本篇研究成果與半自動化之鋪面檢測軟體有良好之符合特性，並藉由調整影像截取頻率和行車速度之關係，以達到全面鋪面檢測之目標，成效雖因2D影像之深度量測限制而必須縮減偵測破壞項目，不及傳統之人工巡檢的精細，但卻比現行半自動化更為貼近人工檢測數值，以及可以大幅縮減PCI量測所需耗費之人力及時間成本，未來希望藉由影像裝置之升級以及人工智能學習之深入開發，以提升此套軟體之效益。

摘要(英)

High frequency road inspection is the key for keeping the road in good condition all the time. Most of the roads in Taiwan rely on contractor inspection. The contractor inspection is not only offering high frequency inspection but fixing the serious distress on the pavement in no time preventing citizens from accident and casualties.
However, the method and equipment of contractor inspection are not smart enough and the inspection data is hard to apply on further analyze for making the long-term maintenance plan. Therefore, the objective of this study is improving the contractor pavement inspection nowadays through popular and low-cost equipment and developing the software for recognizing pavement distress from the capturing image automatically.
Pavement Condition Index (PCI) could show the pavement performance very well according to the ASTM D6433-16. The conventional method way of the PCI survey is manual inspection which is time consuming and manpower consuming. Therefore, Automatic PCI survey and Semi-Automatic PCI survey are the methods to improve the conventional method.
This study used film from the dash cam and SLIC superpixels method to recognizing the distress. Through two times clustering extract the distress and the length known object in the image to calibrate the image parameter scale. After the previous work, the software would input the distress quantity into the PCI calculation.
The performance of the software has great consistent with the Semi-Auto method but since the 2D image could get the depth of the distress; the result of the conventional manual inspection has better performance.
The software could find out serious distress on the road automatically and through the equipment upgrade and the machine-learning technique could upgrade the software in the future.

關鍵字(中)

★ SLIC-Superpixels
★ 自動化鋪面巡檢
★ 鋪面破壞
★ 廠商鋪面巡檢
★ PCI

關鍵字(英)

★ SLIC Superpixels
★ Pavement distress
★ PCI
★ Automatic image recognition
★ Road inspection

論文目次

Contents

ABSTRACT i
摘要 ii
Contents iv
List of Figures vi
List of Tables viii
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Objectives 1
1.3 Research Scope 1
1.4 Research Flowchart 2
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.1 Domestic and Abroad Pavement Condition Index 3
2.1.1 Pavement Condition Index (PCI) 3
2.1.2 Pavement Condition Index Simplify 8
2.2 Methods of Pavement Inspection in Taiwan 9
2.2.1 Free Way Pavement Inspection 10
2.2.2 Urban Road Inspection and Provincial Road Pavement Inspection 11
2.2.2 New Taipei City & Provincial Road Pavement Inspection 13
2.3 Automatic Pavement Inspection Review 17
2.3.1 Semi-automatic Image Inspection 22
2.3.4 Automatic Laser Inspection 25
2.4 Image Processing 27
2.4.1 Image Binarization method 27
2.4.2 Superpixels 29

3. STUDY PLAN 31
3.1 Equipment and Database Collecting 32
3.2 Pavement Condition Inspection Application 35
3.2.1 Manual Pavement Condition Inspection Application 35
3.2.2 Semi-Automatic Pavement Software Application 35
3.3 Automatic Image Recognition Developing and Image Preprocessing 36
3.3.1 Image Calibration: 37
3.3.2 Image Scale Calculation: 38
3.3.3 Image Analysis Region Selecting: 40
3.3.4 SLIC Image Section Cutting: 41
3.3.5 Computing Structure: 43
3.4 Distress Types Classify 45
3.3.1 Crack Classification 46
4. RESULT ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION 48
4.1 Pavement Inspection Recording Database 48
4.2 Superpixels Reliability 49
4.3 SuperPixels Comparison 51
4.3.1 Inspection Methods Comparison on National Freeway 51
4.3.2 Inspection Methods Comparison on Taiwan Provincial Road 52
4.4 Software Introduction 56
5. CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATION 59
5.1 Conclusion 59
5.2 Recommendation 60
Reference 61
APPENDIX1 31th Taiwan Provincial Rd inspection 64
APPENDIX2 Superpixels Automatic Recognition Image 67

參考文獻

Reference
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指導教授

林志棟、陳世晃(Jyh-Dong Lin Shih-Huang Chen)

審核日期

2017-6-28

推文