挖掘機鏟斗上土壤黏附問題的基礎研究

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姓名

黄薪桦(Huang Xinhua) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

挖掘機鏟斗上土壤黏附問題的基礎研究
(A Basic Study of Soil Adhesion to Excavator Bucket)

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摘要(中)

日本屬於四面環海的島嶼國家，海港工程繁多，因此工程機械經常需要對濕潤的土
壤進行作業，這些濕潤的土壤尤其容易導致土壤的黏附問題。土壤的黏附問題在工程機械領域中一直是個非常重大的研究課題。在土壤黏附在工程機械表面之後，工程機械的工作效率下降嚴重。因此，對工程機械的土壤黏附機理以及對工程機械的土壤黏附問題的影響因素的研究就顯得極其重要。
在本研究僅以挖掘機鏟斗為研究對象，使用不同類型的鋁製板進行一系列的試驗，
模擬挖掘機鏟斗的挖掘過程，藉由改變地盤的土壤類型及含水量，探討挖掘機工作的過程中土壤的黏附行為以及土壤的黏附因素。

摘要(英)

The adhesion problem is a big problem in construction machinery field. When the excavator are working to excavate soil, the soil will adhere on the surface of excavator bucket. Therefore, it is necessary to know the adhesion mechanism and the influence factors of adhesion behavior.
In this study, I assemble a streel frame and use an actuator to do a series of Loading test. We carry out those loading test in different soil material, the shape of test plate, water content. The test result indicate that the shape of plate edge will influence the amount of adhesion soil. Additionally, based on the test result, I modify the test plate to do the same loading test to prevent adhesion soil successfully.

關鍵字(中)

★ 土壤黏附
★ 挖掘機
★ 改形

關鍵字(英)

★ soil adhesion
★ excavator
★ surface modification

論文目次

摘要.............................................................................................................................................i
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... ii
目錄........................................................................................................................................... iii
表目錄 List of Tables ................................................................................................................ v
圖目錄 List of Figures.............................................................................................................. vi
一、緒論..............................................................................................................................1
二、文獻回顧............................................................................................................................3
2-1 土壤黏附機理................................................................................................................................................. 3
2-1-1 概述...................................................................................................................................... 3
2-1-2 表面張力理論...................................................................................................................... 3
2-1-3 水分張力理論...................................................................................................................... 6
2-1-4 五層界面模型理論.............................................................................................................. 8
2-2 土壤黏附行為................................................................................................................................................. 9
2-2-1 概述...................................................................................................................................... 9
2-2-2 土壤黏附的影響因素.......................................................................................................... 9
2-3 土壤黏附問題的處理方法........................................................................................................................13
2-3-1 概述.................................................................................................................................... 13
2-3-2 振動法................................................................................................................................ 13
2-3-3 機械法................................................................................................................................ 19
2-3-4 表面改形法........................................................................................................................ 21
2-4 研究目的........................................................................................................................................................25
三、土壤黏附的影響因素......................................................................................................26
3-1 概述.................................................................................................................................................................26
3-2 土壤黏附試驗...............................................................................................................................................26
3-2-1 土壤黏附試驗概述............................................................................................................ 26
3-2-2 試驗設備............................................................................................................................ 29
3-2-3 試驗條件與試驗分組........................................................................................................ 32
3-3 加載試驗的結果..........................................................................................................................................34
3-3-1 概述.................................................................................................................................... 34
3-3-2 黏附土壤指標 Ias 的定義 ................................................................................................. 34
3-3-3 Masado 砂的試驗結果（第 1 組） .................................................................................. 35
3-3-4 clean 砂的試驗結果（第 2 組）....................................................................................... 39
iv
3-4 總結.................................................................................................................................................................41
四、挖掘機鏟斗上土壤的黏附機理......................................................................................42
4-1 概述.................................................................................................................................................................42
4-2 試驗板上的法向黏附力和切向黏附力.................................................................................................42
4-3 試驗板上的黏附土讓分佈........................................................................................................................43
4-3-1 平板上的土壤黏附分佈.................................................................................................... 43
4-3-2 L 形板上的土壤黏附分佈................................................................................................. 45
4-3-3 U 形板上的土壤黏附分佈................................................................................................ 46
4-3-4 黏附區域............................................................................................................................ 48
4-4 試驗板上的土壤黏附過程........................................................................................................................49
4-4-1 概述.................................................................................................................................... 49
4-4-2 平板.................................................................................................................................... 49
4-4-3 U 形板................................................................................................................................ 52
4-4-4 L 形板 ................................................................................................................................ 56
4-5 土壤黏附的機理..........................................................................................................................................60
4-6 挖掘機鏟斗上的黏附土壤的對策試驗.................................................................................................61
4-6-1 概述.................................................................................................................................... 61
4-6-2 表面改形法......................................................................................................................... 61
4-6-3 對策方法的試驗結果........................................................................................................ 61
4-7 板邊緣的影響...............................................................................................................................................64
4-8 總結.................................................................................................................................................................65
五、現場試驗..........................................................................................................................66
5-1 概述.................................................................................................................................................................66
5-2 SK45SR 挖掘機...........................................................................................................................................66
5-3 試驗計劃........................................................................................................................................................68
5-4 第 1 次現場試驗..........................................................................................................................................69
5-5 第 2 次現場試驗..........................................................................................................................................74
5-6 第 3 次現場試驗..........................................................................................................................................78
5-7 第 4 次現場試驗..........................................................................................................................................82
5-8 在挖掘機鏟斗上的土壤黏附行為..........................................................................................................87
5-9 總結.................................................................................................................................................................89
六．結論..................................................................................................................................90
七．参考文献..........................................................................................................................91

參考文獻

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指導教授

洪汶宜(Hung Wenyi)

審核日期

2018-4-26

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