液化地盤-樁基礎-上部結構受震行為之研究

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徐煜淳(Yu-Chun Hsu) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

液化地盤-樁基礎-上部結構受震行為之研究
(The study on seismic behavior of soil-pile-superstructure interaction in liquefiable soil.)

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2026-3-1以後開放)

摘要(中)

台灣地震發生頻繁，地震期間地盤可能發生土壤液化現象，將導致建築物、橋梁與風機結構等基礎瞬間失去垂直與水平向之承載能力。依據現行設計規範為將具液化潛能之地盤參數進行不同程度之折減作為設計，而各規範建議之折減係數範圍差異甚大，且該設計觀念為將複雜之土壤液化行為簡化為擬靜態分析之設計方法，並未考慮液化土壤結構受震互制之複雜行為。因此，本研究利用離心模型試驗與FLAC2D二維有限差分數值模型分析，進行一系列之液化地盤-樁基礎-上部結構之受震互制試驗與模擬分析，探討土壤液化對樁基礎結構物各項設計考量因素之影響。並利用動態受震與擬靜態側推分析之結果，提出一套等值液化參數折減係數DE’之評估流程，針對現行規範建議之液化折減係數提出定性與定量之討論。
本研究建立之數值模型經由參數率定後，方可有效模擬離心模型試驗之樁土受震液化反應。在考量等效單樁、群樁、液化、非液化、長短結構週期與多組人造震動等眾多因素下之分析結果顯示，在相同慣性力作用下，動態分析求得之樁身變位與彎矩反應均較擬靜態分析結果大。而12組震動事件之分析統計結果顯示，土壤液化對結構慣性力實具減震之作用，並對樁身變位、旋轉角與彎矩等反應均有負面之影響，而對樁身最大剪力分佈則無明顯影響。針對短週期結構模型之液化折減係數DE研究結果顯示，日本道路協會(JRA)建議之DE在多個案例分析中發生不保守之狀況；而日本建築學會(AIJ)建議之DE則多為保守之情形。最後，藉由不同等值條件求得之平均等值液化折減係數DE’界於兩規範建議值之間。綜整上述結論以供未來相關研究與工程實務設計參考。

摘要(英)

Taiwan is a seismic active zone. Soil liquefaction often occurs during strong earthquake. It will greatly reduce the horizontal and vertical bearing capacities of foundations and cause unacceptable deformations of structures. The current design codes use the reduction coefficient DE to reduce the soil’s modulus and strength so that the softening effect caused by liquefaction can be taken into account in the traditional quasi-static design methodology. This methodology is unable to consider the complicated seismic liquefied soil-structure interaction (LSSI).
This study aims to establish a simple and practical numerical model to investigate LSSI effect of pile structures. The FLAC2D software was used to create the model. The PM4Sand constitutive law was used to simulate the stress-strain-pore pressure relations of soils. At the first, the parameters of PM4Sand model was calibrated by the results of dynamic centrifuge tests. It is found that the test responses of LSSI can be reasonably simulated by the numerical model.
After that, a series of LSSI numerical tests were performed by the proposed model considering the differences of equivalent single pile and group piles, liquefaction and non-liquefaction, short and long period structures, and input earthquake motions. The test results show that the deformation and bending moment of pile obtained from dynamic LSSI analysis are larger than those from static pushover analysis under the same inertial force of upper structure. Based on the statistical results from twelve different input motions, soil liquefaction reduces the inertial force of superstructure and increases the deformation, rotation and bending moment of piles.
The statistical results of numerical analysis were used to calibrate the equivalent reduction coefficient DE’ used in quasi static analysis. The calibrated average DE’ is about 0.25 which less than DE=0.33 suggested by Japanese Road Association and greater than DE=0 suggested by Japanese Architectural Institute for the numerical case in this study.

關鍵字(中)

★ 土壤液化
★ 基樁
★ 液化折減係數
★ FLAC
★ PM4Sand

關鍵字(英)

★ soil liquefaction
★ pile foundation
★ liquefaction reduction coefficient
★ FLAC
★ PM4Sand

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract iii
目錄 vii
圖目錄 xii
表目錄 xix
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 研究內容與流程 3
1.3 論文架構 5
第二章文獻回顧 6
2.1 土壤液化 6
2.2 樁基礎於液化土層中之受震行為 10
2.2.1 基樁之最大受力狀態 12
2.2.2 土壤液化之剪脹效應 16
2.2.3 土壤液化之減震作用 18
2.2.4 基樁動態特性之影響 19
2.3 現行考量地盤液化之樁基礎設計方法 21
2.3.1 現行設計規範 21
2.3.2 現行設計方法 23
2.4 液化土壤之參數折減係數研究 28
2.4.1 相關規範之發展 28
2.4.2 國內外相關研究成果 29
2.5 樁基礎於液化土層中受震之研究 35
2.5.1 大型振動台試驗 35
2.5.2 離心模型試驗 36
2.5.3 Winkler基礎模型分析 36
2.5.4 有限元素/有限差分數值分析 37
2.6 有效應力分析組成律模式 39
2.6.1 相關液化分析組成律簡介 39
2.6.2 相關液化分析組成律之優缺點比較 41
2.6.3 PM4Sand有效應力分析組成律 48
第三章液化地盤中單樁基礎受水平震動之離心模型試驗 58
3.1 離心模型原理 58
3.2 試驗方法與設備 61
3.2.1 試驗方法 61
3.2.2 試驗設備 61
3.3 試驗規劃與配置 68
3.3.1 單樁基礎風機模型 68
3.3.2 試驗配置 72
3.3.3 座標系統定義 73
3.3.4 震動事件 74
3.4 試驗結果與討論 75
3.4.1 主震事件分析 75
3.4.2 樁土主頻判別分析 88
3.4.3 土層剪應力.剪應變分析 91
第四章 FLAC模擬分析驗證與參數率定 95
4.1 FLAC簡介 95
4.2 PM4Sand參數說明 97
4.3 分析流程 102
4.4 單元素測試 104
4.4.1 剪力模數衰減與阻尼曲線分析 105
4.4.2 反覆單剪模擬 108
4.5 地盤反應分析驗證 112
4.5.1 均勻土層之彈性模型反應 113
4.5.2 分層土層之彈性與彈塑性模型反應 116
4.6 離心模型試驗模擬 122
4.6.1 柱狀元素模型自由場反應 122
4.6.2 完整離心模型試驗模擬 126
4.7 小結 130
第五章 FLAC模擬樁基礎結構物於液化地盤中受震反應分析 131
5.1 模型配置定義 131
5.1.1 目標結構系統設計 131
5.1.2 模型配置說明 135
5.2 人造地震 140
5.2.1 人造地震製作說明 140
5.2.2 人造地震列表 146
5.3 自由場模型受震反應分析 156
5.4 等效單樁模型分析結果與討論 160
5.4.1 土壤結構互制模型之動態受震反應分析 160
5.4.2 擬靜態側推分析結果 165
5.5 群樁模型分析結果與討論 182
5.5.1 土壤結構互制模型之動態受震反應分析 182
5.5.2 擬靜態側推分析結果 188
5.6 群樁模型輸入不同人造地震之分析結果討論與統計分析 223
5.6.1 動態受震分析結果 224
5.6.2 液化折減係數DE之探討 227
第六章結論與建議 240
6.1 結論 240
6.2 建議 243
參考文獻 244
附錄A 非液化模型元素測試與樁土互制模型分析結果 253
附錄B 不同週期等效單樁基礎結構模型之分析結果 259
附錄C 單元素模型液化參數折減之單向剪動分析 268
附錄D 模型地盤土壤液化評估計算 270
附錄E 不同人造地震之液化與非液化模型分析結果 274
附錄F 不同震動事件之液化折減係數DE探討 347

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指導教授

黃俊鴻(Jin-Hung Hwang)

審核日期

2021-3-3

推文