台灣男女工資差距之分解—所得級距之重要性

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林嘉儀(Chia-Yi Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

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產業經濟研究所

論文名稱

台灣男女工資差距之分解—所得級距之重要性

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摘要(中)

本研究使用2006年至2016年行政院主計處五月份的人力運用調查資料，利用Heckman兩階段模型考慮勞動參與選擇性後，分別估計整體、男性與女性之工資函數，再使用Oaxaca-Blinder工資差異拆解模型，將工資差異拆解為勞工特性所能解釋的部分與特性無法解釋之部分，以了解影響勞動市場性別薪資距之原因。實證結果顯示，女性在選擇是否進入勞動市場時存在有較嚴重的自我選擇問題。工資函數部分，在考慮其他控制變數後，女性薪資相較於男性低了10.3%至14.4%，男性與女性之各個控制變數對於工資之報酬率存在差異，因而使性別薪資存在差異。工資拆解模型的估計結果顯示，性別薪資差距中，能被一般文獻所使用的變數所解釋之比例逐年降低，但本研究加入所得分配之百分位群組變數，發現整體模型可以解釋之性別薪資差距的比例大幅提升，表示在各所得分配群組中性別比例分配不平均的現象是造成性別薪資存在差異的重要因素。

摘要(英)

This study used the 2006-2016 Manpower Utilization Survey which are acquired from the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan in Taiwan. We estimated the wage function of the all, the male and the female separately after considered the labor participation selection problem by Heckman two-step selection model. Then, we utilized Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition model to decompose the gender wage gap into the part that can be explained by the labor characteristic and the part that cannot be explained by the labor characteristic. And analysis the reason that impact the gender wage gap in the labor market. The empirical results indicate that female have more serious self-selection problem when decide whether enter the labor market. In the part of the wage function, the wage of the female is about 10.3% to 14.4% lower than the wage of the male. The return of every explained variable is different in gender, which cause the gender wage gap. From the estimated results of the decomposition model, the ratio of the gender wage gap that can be explained by the explained variables which are used in most literatures is decreasing year by year. But this study added the centile group variables of the wage distribution and found that the explained part of the gender wage gap raised substantially. That is, the uneven gender ratio in every centile groups is the important fact that bring out the gender wage gap.

關鍵字(中)

★ 工資函數
★ 性別薪資差異拆解
★ 所得級距

關鍵字(英)

★ wage function
★ gender wage gap decomposition
★ wage distribution

論文目次

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝辭 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 v
圖目錄 v
附表目錄 vi
第一章　緒論 1
1.1　研究動機 1
1.2　研究目的 3
1.3　研究架構 3
第二章　文獻回顧 6
2.1　國外文獻 6
2.2　國內文獻 8
第三章　資料來源與實證模型 11
3.1　資料來源與樣本選擇 11
3.2　Heckman兩階段樣本選擇模型 12
3.3　工資函數 13
3.4　工資差異分解模型 14
3.5　實證模型 15
第四章　實證結果 17
4.1　敘述統計分析 17
4.2　工資函數之估計結果 18
4.3　所得分配群組的性別比例與工資率 27
4.4　工資差異拆解 29
第五章　結論與研究限制 41
5.1　結論 41
5.2　研究限制 42
5.3　未來研究方向 43
參考文獻 44

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指導教授

鄒孟文(Meng-Wen Tsou)

審核日期

2018-6-28

推文