利用CT影像分析台灣西部濱海地區砂岩水力參數尺度效應

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伍韻安(Yun-An Wu) 查詢紙本館藏

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應用地質研究所

論文名稱

利用CT影像分析台灣西部濱海地區砂岩水力參數尺度效應
(Use CT images to assess the scale effect and variations of hydraulic parameters of sandstone samples in western coastal area of Taiwan)

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摘要(中)

X光電腦斷層掃描技術(X-ray CT)的發展有助於岩石內部微觀構造的觀察，藉由CT影像可以非破壞性的方式取得岩石的重要物理特性如孔隙率、滲透率、曲折度等。本研究使用影像解析度為2微米(μm)的砂岩試體CT影像，試體取自彰濱觀測井(TPCS-M1)2409 m深度處(桂竹林層魚藤坪砂岩段)與2531 m深度處(觀音山砂岩)，量化該區域岩石孔隙率與滲透率的尺度效應。本研究使用Avizo軟體進行CT影像處理，包含影像濾波、影像二值化，影像切割，研究內容分為三大部份：第一部份為以孔隙尺度分析岩石的孔隙率與滲透率空間分布，試體滲透率為使用Kozeny-Carman方程式計算而得，結果指出使用CT影像分析之砂岩樣本平均孔隙率約為24.5%，平均滲透率約為5E-14 m2，此方法較與高圍壓試驗結果相差了一至兩個數量級，原因本研究認為是Kozeny-Carman方程式中的參數設定與假設；第二部份為評估兼顧掃描成本與影像品質之最佳掃描解析度，影像解析度須達16 μm以上，CT影像才較適合做孔隙分析；第三部份為分析樣本之水力擴散係數，本研究改變分析之單位體積，結果指出在單位體積最小為100 μm時，水力擴散係數亦會不同，具有尺度效應。

摘要(英)

The technologies of X-ray CT have improved the understanding of geological microstructures, including micro fractures, tortuosity, porosity, permeability, and other important features in rocks. This study aims to quantify the scale effect involved in a relatively homogeneous sandstone rock sample in Kueichulin Formation Yutengping Sandstone (2409 m depth) and Kuanyinshan Sandstone (2531 m depth) in western Taiwan. The variations of sampling volumes are assessed based on 2 μm resolution CT images. The commercial software Avizo is used to do the image processing, which is an important step, including image filtering, binarization and extraction. There are three parts in this study. First, the spatial distribution of porosity and permeability are estimated in the pore scale. The permeability is estimated by the Kozeny-Carman equation. The results show that the average porosity is 24.5% and the average permeability is 5E-14 m2, which are one to two order lower than the confining pressure test. Second, in order to do the pore analysis , the best scanning image resolution should be higher than 16 μm. Third, this study analyze the hydraulic diffusivity of sample. The unit volume size is changed into different size. The results show that even when the unit volume size is 100 μm, the hydraulic diffusivity is even different in different size, the scale effect exists.

關鍵字(中)

★ X光電腦斷層掃描
★ 孔隙尺度
★ 影像處理
★ 水力參數

關鍵字(英)

★ X-ray CT
★ pore scale
★ image processing
★ hydraulic parameters

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
一、緒論 1
1.1　　研究背景 1
1.2　　研究動機 2
1.3　　研究目的 3
1.4　　研究流程 3
1.5　　論文架構 5
二、文獻回顧 6
2.1　　傳統測量孔隙率與滲透率之方法與限制 6
2.2 　　X-ray CT技術的應用 13
2.3　　分析軟體──Avizo 15
三、岩芯樣本與研究方法 16
3.1　　岩芯樣本 16
3.1.1　地質背景 16
3.1.2　樣本製備 19
3.1.3　CT影像 20
3.2　　研究方法 21
3.2.1　影像處理流程 22
3.2.2　孔隙率與滲透率之空間分布 32
3.2.3　曲折度與水力擴散係數(hydraulic diffusivity) 35
四、結果與討論 39
4.1　　不同分析解析度與孔隙率之關係 39
4.1.1　改變分析解析度後之影像 39
4.1.2 掃描之最佳影像解析度 43
4.2　　孔隙率與滲透率之空間分布與其他實驗結果比較 46
4.2.1 R425樣本(桂竹林層魚藤坪砂岩，深度2409m) 46
4.2.2 R478樣本(觀音山砂岩，深度2531m) 48
4.2.3 R425與R478之結果與高圍壓試驗結果比較 52
4.3 不同單位體積大小之水力擴散係數 53
五、結論與建議 58
5.1　　結論 58
5.2　　建議 59
參考文獻 61
附錄 66

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指導教授

倪春發(Chuen-Fa Ni)

審核日期

2018-8-22

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