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姓名	王又婷(Yu-Ting Wang)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	生命科學系
論文名稱	探討斑馬魚ttbk2a和ttbk2b的功能 (Investigation of ttbk2a and ttbk2b function in the zebrafish)
相關論文	★ 探討在斑馬魚小腦發育中ttbk2對神經先驅細胞的影響
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摘要(中)	初級纖毛在脊椎動物的神經系統發育中扮演非常重要的角色，然而，目前對於初級纖毛是如何去影響神經系統的機制仍然不是很清楚。Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) 是一個表現在腦中用來調節初級纖毛形成的重要因子，TTBK2的突變將會造成脊髓小腦萎縮症，患者的小腦會有萎縮的現象。由此可知，TTBK2對於腦的發育形成非常重要，但其中的機制依然不是很了解。所以，在本篇研究中，我選擇利用斑馬魚研究ttbk2a以及ttbk2b的表現與功能。我利用RT-PCR及原位雜交法觀察ttbk2a及ttbk2b的mRNA表現，我發現在斑馬魚出生後第三天，ttbk2a及ttbk2b都開始有表現，但其中只有ttbk2b在出生的時候就開始表現到出生5.25小時候表現下降。從原位雜交法中，我發現ttbk2a及ttbk2b的mRNA表現在許多腦區，例如: ventral telencephalic area, medial zone of dorsal telencephalic area, periventricular grey zone of optic tectum, lateral division of valvula cerebelli, and corpus cerebelli。另外，為了探討ttbk2基因的功能，我利用CRISPRC-Cas9系統去做基因編輯，進而去模仿人類的疾病模式以及破壞掉ttbk2中最重要的區域。目前，已經建立出一系列的突變魚。初步我看到了一些突變魚的游泳能力下降。利用這些魚我們可以進一步探討ttbk2以及初級纖毛在腦中扮演的角色。
摘要(英)	The primary cilium plays a critical role in the development of vertebrate nervous system. However, the function of primary cilia in brain remains unclear. Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) is a regulator required for primary cilium formation, and its transcript can be detected in the brain. In human, mutations in TTBK2 serine rich domain cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 11 (SCA11) and the cerebellum will undergo degeneration. TTBK2 is essential for brain development, yet the mechanism is still elusive. Therefore, I focus on ttbk2a and ttbk2b in zebrafish. Zebrafish is a powerful model for the study of human disease. In this study, I characterized ttbk2a and ttbk2b RNA expression pattern during embryogenesis and in the adult tissues using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. The ttbk2a and ttbk2b transripts started to be expressed after 3 dpf, and ttbk2b was also expressed transiently from the 1-cell stage to 50％ epiboly. Both ttbk2a and ttbk2b transcripts were detected in several adult fish brain regions, such as ventral telencephalic area (Vd), medial zone of dorsal telencephalic area (Dm), periventricular grey zone of optic tectum (PGZ), lateral division of valvula cerebelli (Val), and corpus cerebelli (Cce). To investigate ttbk2 function, I generated ttbk2 mutants by CRISPR-Cas9 system to create mutations mimicking human patients and disrupting the most important domains of ttbk2. I already obtained 5 lines of F1 fish. One G0 fish had reduced ability to swim in the swim tunnel assay, indicating that ttbk2 mutation may affect zebrafish swimming behavior. These mutant fish will be a useful tool to investigate the function and mechanism of ttbk2 and primary cilia.
關鍵字(中)	★ ttbk2a ★ ttbk2b ★ 斑馬魚 ★ 腦 ★ 纖毛	關鍵字(英)	★ ttbk2a ★ ttbk2b ★ zebrafish ★ brain ★ cilia
論文目次	摘要 I Abstract II Table of content III List of Tables VI List of Figures VII Abbreviation IX Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 cilia 1 ˙structure of cilia 1 ˙function of cilia 2 ˙ciliopathies 3 ˙ciliogenesis 4 ˙IFT machinery 4 ˙regulators involved in ciliogenesis 5 ˙signaling pathways that regulate ciliogenesis 6 1.2 brain development 7 ˙cilia in the brain development 7 ˙zebrafish brain development 7 1.3 Tau Tubulin Kinase (TTBK) 8 ˙Tau Tubulin Kinase 1 (TTBK1) 9 ˙Tau Tubulin Kinase 2 (TTBK2) 9 ˙TTBK2 and ciliogenesis 10 ˙Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 11 (SCA11) 11 1.4 Motivation 12 Chapter 2 Materials and Methods 13 2.1 Fish rearing 13 2.2 Phylogenetic analysis 13 2.3 Sequence homology analysis 14 2.4 RNA extraction 14 2.5 Reverse-transcriptase RCR (RT-PCR) 14 2.6 Plasmids 15 2.7 RNA probe synthesis 16 2.8 In situ hybridization 16 2.9 cell culture 17 2.10 Immunofluorescence 18 2.11 Generation of knockout fish by CRISPR-Cas9 18 2.12 Genotyping and measurement of KO efficiency 19 2.13 Capillary Electrophoresis 20 2.14 Photography and Microscopy 20 2.15 Behavior test 20 2.16 Statistical analysis 21 Chapter 3 Results 22 3.1 Phylogenetic analysis of zebrafish ttbk genes. 22 3.2 Spatiotemporal expression of zebrafish ttbk2 paralog genes. 22 3.3 ttbk2a and ttbk2b mRNA expression in adult zebrafish brain. 23 3.4 Zebrafish ttbk2 protein expression in the base of cilia. 24 3.5 Generation of ttbk2a and ttbk2b mutant fish by CRISPR-Cas9 system. 24 3.6 Behavior test of adult ttbk2a and ttbk2b G0 founder fish. 27 Chapter 4 Discussions 29 4.1 Role of ttbk2b in zebrafish early stage. 29 4.2 Comparison of ttbk2a and ttbk2b. 29 4.3 The expression of ttbk2 protein in vertebrates. 30 4.4 The analysis of ttbk2a and ttbk2b mutant fish. 31 Chapter 5 Future experiments 33 5.1 Characterized the protein expression of TTBK2 in the zebrafish 33 5.2 Generation and analysis of ttbk2a mutant fish and ttbk2b mutant fish 33 5.3 To explore the mechanism of ttbk2 34 References 35 Figure legends 52
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指導教授	鍾邦柱(Bon-Chu Chung)	審核日期	2018-7-31
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