黑斑龍膽花瓣表面結構及其光學特性之研究

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姓名

許家維(Jia-Wei Xu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

光電科學與工程學系

論文名稱

黑斑龍膽花瓣表面結構及其光學特性之研究
(Surface Structures and Optical Characteristics of the Petals of Gentiana scabrida Hayata var. punctulata S.S. Ying)

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2025-5-22以後開放)

摘要(中)

在諸多關於花朵的研究中，許多文獻透過花瓣的紫外光影像發現，花瓣內側對紫外光的反射率比外側低，而花瓣內側是花蜜的所在之處，加上昆蟲視覺對於紫外光是敏感的，因此認為花朵這個光學表現是能夠作為一個提示，來增加昆蟲前來採蜜的機會，以利於開花植物繁衍後代。除了紫外光照明下的特徵之外，部分文獻研究的花朵在可見光下也展現與紫外光下能夠對應的紋路，並且透過實驗發現這是結構光帶來的效果，本研究所觀察的花朵，黑斑龍膽，也具有相似的特性，黑斑龍膽是臺灣本土特有種，花瓣上有一圈黑斑的分布，是之所以被稱為黑斑龍膽一個明顯的外觀特徵。黑斑龍膽生長在合歡山中高海拔的紫外光含量較高環境中。黑斑龍膽只在有陽光照射的時候開花，且即使授粉後仍會再度打開，因為開花對於植物而言是十分耗費能量的行為，因此推測這是黑斑龍膽為了因應環境而特別演化的生存方式，為了證實這個說法，本研究透過一些實驗來觀察黑斑龍膽與光交互作用下的關係，包含直接在現場拍攝紫外光和可見光的影像，並且在現場透過表面複製法製作出其花瓣表面複製品，以複製品作為對照來證明表面結構對黑斑龍膽花瓣光學特性帶來的效果。在電子掃描顯微鏡和包埋切片觀察下發現黑斑龍膽花瓣表面結構可以大致分做乳突圓頂型和長條型伴著與之平行的更小光柵結構，分界恰好與黑斑的分布一致，透過角光度系統的實驗結果除了確立了花瓣表面結構對其光學表現占著舉足輕重的影響，配合花朵色素對光的吸收表現，更增加在紫外光照明下的紋路亮暗對比，這事實間接說明了紫外光對黑斑龍膽無可切割的重要性。

摘要(英)

Among the research about flower, they noticed the reflectance of inner petal is apparently lower than outer one by taking pictures under UV and there the nectar is. Moreover, the vision of insects is commonly sensitive at UV-A. As a result, they believe that the pattern under UV is a cue to attract insects and it will benefit flowering plants to reproduce. Besides the pattern of petals under UV, it can also correspond to the one under VIS in some flowers and the result caused by surface structure and Gentiana scabrida Hayata var. punctulata S.S. Ying show the similar characteristic. Gentiana scabrida Hayata var. punctulata S.S. Ying is the endemic species in Taiwan and there are some black dots distributing on the petal. Gentiana scabrida Hayata var. punctulata S.S. Ying distribute at high altitude mountain where is UV-rich. Apart from it only bloom during getting sunlight, the flower will open again after pollinating. Bloom consume a lot of energy for plants, we think that this is the way of life which Gentiana scabrida Hayata var. punctulata S.S. Ying has evolved to adapt the environment. To confirm the statement, we design some experiments to observe the relationship between Gentiana scabrida Hayata var. punctulata S.S. Ying and light including the following methods. We capture the image of Gentiana scabrida Hayata var. punctulata S.S. Ying under UV and VIS on the Hehuan mountain and use dental wax to copy the structure surface of the petal, that is negative replica, at the scene. After using epoxy to manufacture the by negative replica, we use the replica as a control to prove the effect of surface structure on the optical properties the petal of Gentiana scabrida Hayata var. punctulata S.S. Ying Observing the surface structure of the petal under the scanning electron microscope and by embedded section, it was found that the surface structure of the petal can be roughly divided into the conical type and the striated type with smaller grating structures parallel to it. The boundary is exactly the same as the distribution of dark spots. In addition to the experimental results of the goninophotometric system, the fact that the surface structure of the petals plays an important role in its optical performance, and the absorption of light by the flower pigment, it also increases the contrast of the bright and dark region under UV light. This fact indirectly illustrates that UV light is very important to Gentiana scabrida Hayata var. punctulata S.S. Ying.

關鍵字(中)

★ 黑斑龍膽

關鍵字(英)

★ Surface Structure

論文目次

中文摘要 vi
Abstract vii
第一章緒論 1
1-1研究目的與動機 1
1-2文獻探討 2
1-3論文大綱 6
第二章實驗原理 7
2-1光與物質的交互作用 7
2-2庫貝卡-蒙克理論 10
2-3表面微結構的光學特性 12
2-4表面複製法 14
2-5漫反射量測法 15
第三章實驗架構與樣本製備 18
3-1高山現場拍攝 18
3-2樣本備置 20
3-3電子掃描顯微鏡表面微結構量測 22
3-4包埋切片影像 23
3-5角光度光譜量測系統與校正 24
3-6角光度影像量測系統與校正 29
第四章結果與討論 33
4-1花瓣光學特性觀察 33
4-2紫外光角光度量測 35
4-2-1黑斑龍膽花瓣之紫外光角光度影像拍攝 36
4-2-2黑斑龍膽花瓣之紫外光角光度光譜量測 41
4-2-3花瓣表面複製品之紫外光角光度光譜量測 45
4-3可見光角光度量測 48
4-3-1黑斑龍膽花瓣之可見光角光度影像拍攝 49
4-3-2黑斑龍膽花瓣之可見光角光度光譜量測 53
4-3-3花瓣表面複製品之可見光角光度光譜量測 57
4-4黑斑龍膽開花方式對光學特性的影響 60
第五章結論 65
參考文獻 67

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指導教授

陳思妤(Szu-Yu Chen)

審核日期

2020-6-3

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