摘要(英) |
Recently, flexible organic light-emitting diodes (FOLEDs) have drawn attentions because of the good performance in flexibility, stable reliability and high luminosity. FOLEDs currently are used in not only lighting but also displays, such as panels in cell phones, televisions and other bendable wearable electronics. FOLEDs are fabricated through stacking thin films, and white FOLEDs (FWOLEDs) can be achieved by stacking sky-blue and orange-red organic light-emitting layers. When it comes to lighting, FWOLEDs are expected to meet performance metrics, such as luminance and correlated color temperature.
The purpose of this research is to establish optical models for the FWOLEDs, we used simulate to investigate FWOLEDs by Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulation (LightTools 8.6, Synopsys Inc.). First, we construct optical models with different bent radii and analyze their effects on FWOLEDs. In this study, we simulate not only luminance and color coordinate but also correlated color temperature and color rendering index. After realized FWOLEDs device, we measured the current efficiency, power efficiency and EL spectra of device, such as the spectrometer with a multisource meter and the handy-type luminance meter to feedback the simulation models. Finally, we prove the accuracy of the simulation models by comparing the experimental and simulated results and analyzed the spectrum and angular distribution of the luminance on FWOLEDs with different radii by optical simulation. |
論文目次 |
摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
第一章、緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 文獻探討 4
1-3 研究動機 10
1-4 論文架構 11
第二章、基礎理論與原理 12
2-1 有機發光二極體發光原理 12
2-2 幾何光學 14
2-2-1 反射定律與折射定律 14
2-2-2 臨界角與全反射 15
2-3 菲涅爾損失 15
2-4 光度學 16
2-4-1 光通量 17
2-4-2 光強度 17
2-4-3 照度 17
2-4-4 輝度 17
2-4-5 朗伯餘弦定理 18
2-5 色坐標 19
2-6 色溫 20
2-7 演色性 20
2-8 小結 20
第三章、模擬架構與方法 21
3-1 FWOLED模擬方法 21
3-1-1 模擬流程 21
3-1-2 模型結構 23
3-2 FWOLED模擬設定 25
3-2-1 邊界條件 25
3-2-2 接收面 26
3-3 FWOLED模擬結果 28
3-3-1 峰值之誤差估計 28
3-3-2 模擬結果 29
3-4 小結 34
第四章、實驗與量測方法 35
4-1 製備樣品材料及設備 36
4-1-1 樣品材料 36
4-1-2實驗設備 38
4-2 量測方法 39
4-2-1 半徑規 39
4-2-2 分光色彩計 40
4-2-3 手持輝度計 42
4-3 小結 44
第五章、實驗與修正模擬結果 45
5-1 FWOLED效率表現與光譜 45
5-2修正模擬與實驗結果 47
5-3結果分析 51
5-4 小結 55
第六章、結論與未來展望 56
6-1 結論 56
6-2 未來展望 57
參考文獻 58
圖目錄
圖1.1、OLED應用:(a)OLED應用於照明[4],(b)OLED應用於顯示器[5] 2
圖1.2、FOLED應用:(a)FOLED應用於照明[4],(b)FOLED應用於顯示器[5] 2
圖1.3、Forrest團隊於2002年製備雙波段與三波段白光元件:(a)WOLED元件結構,(b)WOLED光譜圖[7] 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。
圖1.4、Lee團隊之研究中,在3cm×3cm pCPI/ CPI/ AgNW基板上之兩發光元件的角度發射分佈[12] 5
圖1.5、Lee團隊之研究中,各基板的CIE1931 x和y坐標與視角關係(a)綠光OLED,(b)白光OLED [12] 6
圖1.6、Coburn等人之研究中,WOLED元件結構示意圖[13] 6
圖1.7、Lee團隊之研究中輝度角度分佈結果,(a)WOLED使用折射率匹配液,(b)WOLED無使用折射率匹配液[14] 7
圖1.8、Lee團隊之研究中,從實驗中接受面獲得WOLED之照度分佈(a)未使用棱鏡膜,(b)具一個倒置的棱鏡膜,(c)具兩個倒置的棱鏡膜[15] 8
圖1.9、Lee團隊之研究中,從模擬中接受面獲得WOLED之照度分佈(a)未使用棱鏡膜,(b)具一個倒置的棱鏡膜,(c)具兩個倒置的棱鏡膜[15] 8
圖1.10、Zhou團隊之研究中FWOLED之各項性能(a)電致發光光譜(b)外部量子效率(c)功率效率(d)光強度[16] 9
圖2.1、有機發光二極體結構圖 13
圖2.2、電子電洞再結合示意圖 13
圖2.3、立體角之定義示意圖 16
圖2.4、輝度之定義示意圖 18
圖2.5、朗伯餘弦定理之定義示意圖 18
圖2.6、(a)CIE1931色度圖[22],(b)普朗克軌跡[23] 19
圖3.1、研究流程圖 22
圖3.2、SolidWorks模型結構圖,(a)¬¬¬-(f)分別為彎曲半徑r = ∞, 4mm, 3.5mm, 3mm, 2.5mm, 2mm 23
圖3.3、邊界條件設定示意圖 25
圖3.4、LightTools模擬中設置之接收面與輝度計,(a)¬¬¬-(f)分別為彎曲半徑r = ∞, 4mm, 3.5mm, 3mm, 2.5mm, 2mm 27
圖3.5、光線數從1000萬條至5000萬條平面接收面峰值之誤差估計 30
圖3.6、光線數從1000萬條至5000萬條色座標CIE x模擬結果 30
圖3.7、光線數從1000萬條至5000萬條色座標CIE y模擬結果 31
圖3.8、光線數從1000萬條至5000萬條演色性模擬結果 31
圖3.9、光線數從1000萬條至5000萬條色溫模擬結果 32
圖3.10、光線數從1000萬條至5000萬條輝度計峰值之誤差估計 33
圖3.11、光線數從1000萬條至5000萬條輝度模擬結果 33
圖4.1、(a) FWOLED實驗樣品示意圖,(b)FWOLED實際實驗樣品 35
圖4.2、FWOLED實驗樣品結構示意圖 36
圖4.3、(a)濺鍍機台,(b)熱蒸鍍機台 38
圖4.4、(a)半徑規,(b)FWOLED元件利用半徑規彎曲 39
圖4.5、分光色彩計[31] 40
圖4.6、手持輝度計[32] 43
圖5.1、FWOLED元件在不同彎曲半徑條件下EL光譜量測結果 46
圖5.2、色座標CIE x實驗與模擬修正結果 47
圖5.3、色座標CIE y實驗與模擬修正結果 48
圖5.4、演色性實驗與模擬修正結果 48
圖5.5、色溫實驗與模擬修正結果 49
圖5.6、輝度實驗與模擬修正結果 49
圖5.7、LightTools模擬中建立與實驗相同量測架構之接收面,(a)¬¬¬-(f)分別為彎曲半徑r = ∞, 4mm, 3.5mm, 3mm, 2.5mm, 2mm 52
圖5.8、FWOLED在不同彎曲半徑條件下配光曲線模擬結果,(a)¬¬¬-(f)分別為彎曲半徑r = ∞, 4mm, 3.5mm, 3mm, 2.5mm, 2mm 53
圖5.9、FWOLED在不同彎曲半徑條件下光譜模擬結果 54
表目錄
表3.1、模擬模型幾何尺寸與材料參數表 24
表4.1、FWOLED實驗樣品各層材料與厚度[28][29] 37
表4.2、分光色彩計規格表[31] 41
表4.3、手持輝度計規格表[32] 43
表5.1、FWOLED元件效率表現量測結果 45
表5.2、實驗與模擬修正輝度值比較 50 |
參考文獻 |
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