基於扎德奧夫-朱序列之混合式波束合成系統時域通道估測技術

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蔡駿全(Jiunn-Chyuan Tsay) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

電機工程學系

論文名稱

基於扎德奧夫-朱序列之混合式波束合成系統時域通道估測技術
(Time-Domain Channel Estimation Based on Zadoff-Chu Sequence for Hybrid Beamforming Systems)

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2026-9-16以後開放)

摘要(中)

在本論文中，我們在MiWEBA (Millimeter-wave Evolution for Backhaul and Access) 的通道模型上利用扎德奧夫-朱序列(Zadoff-Chu)與離散傅立葉矩陣所建立的碼簿，在時域上實現混合式波束合成寬頻通訊系統中的通道估測。MiWEBA通道模型適用於57-66GHz並建構基於毫米波通道脈衝響應之表現，即為部分強通道(strong rays)(D-rays)與數量相當之相應的弱隨機通道(weak random rays)(R-rays)之疊加。大量天線被使用於新世代通訊系統中用以提升收發站頻譜效率，而通過控制收發站之相移器(Phase shifter)便可形成波束合成(beamforming)用以指向特定角度使得訊雜比能夠提高，而混合式波束合成即是結合了類比相移器與數位前編碼，藉以減少全數位前編碼器在基頻的運算量。我們提出的演算法將利用扎德奧夫-朱序列之自相關特性與互相關特性，辨別出混合式波束合成中使用之接收端、發送端射頻鏈編號與碼簿中所對應角度之碼字，並利用查表法經過第一次、第二次削除以移除互相關特性，最後以殘留之候選矩陣用以進行混合式波束合成寬頻通訊系統之通道估測。在殘留之候選矩陣中，峰值之碼字可以對應路徑的發射角與入射角度，峰值之複數值與延遲位置即為通道路徑之脈衝響應與延遲我們希望藉由此演算法的嘗試，系統的模擬與分析，為日後實際建構硬體時有參考依據。

摘要(英)

This thesis presents a time-domain channel estimation method based on Zadoff-Chu Sequence and DFT codebook for millimeter wave hybrid beamforming systems. The MiWEBA channel model is used which describes mmWave channel im-pulse response as a superposition of a few strong rays (D-rays) and a number of rela-tively weak random rays (R-rays) in 57-66GHz. Massive antennas are gradually adopted to increase spectral efficiency in advanced wireless communication systems. Hybrid beamforming techniques combining analog phase shifter and digital precoder can reduce the complexity of fully-digital precoder. The channel estimation needs to estimation angle of arrival, angle of departure, path delay and path gain in massive MIMO hybrid beamforming systems. Our proposed algorithm uses Zadoff-Chu Se-quence, which has zero autocorrelation and excellent cross-correlation properties, to distinguish the beam patterns associated with the RF chains. The interference can be eliminated by the known cross-correlation with a look-up table. The peak positions of the correlation after interference cancellation then provide the information about the magnitude and delay of the channel impulse response. The simulation results verify the design.

關鍵字(中)

★ 混合式波束合成系統
★ 通道估測
★ 扎德奧夫-朱序列

關鍵字(英)

★ Hybrid beamforming system
★ Channel estimation
★ Zadoff-Chu Sequence

論文目次

目錄 1
圖目錄 3
表目錄 5
第一章緒論 6
1.1 研究動機(Motive) 6
1.2 論文組織(Organization) 7
第二章 5G通道模型 8
2.1 混合式波束合成系統架構(Hybrid beamforming system model) 8
2.1.1 均勻線性陣列(Uniform Linear Antenna Array, ULA) 10
2.2 5G通道模型之統計特性(5G channel model& characteristic) 10
2.2.1 模型建構(Modeling) 11
2.2.2 直射路徑(Direct ray, D-ray) 12
2.2.3 地面反射路徑(Ground ray, G-ray) 13
2.2.4 隨機反射路徑(Random reflected ray, R-rays) 14
2.2.5 子路徑(Sub-rays) 16
第三章系統模型 24
3.1 扎德奧夫-朱序列之自相關特性與互相關特性(Autocorrelation & Cross-correlation of Zadoff-Chu Sequence) 25
3.2 偏移離散傅立葉碼簿(Shifted Discrete Fourier Transform Codebook) 29
3.3 二次多項式內插器(Second Order Polynomial Interpolator) 31
第四章利用扎德奧夫-朱序列特性之通道估測演算法 36
4.1 所提出之系統架構(Proposed System Model) 36
4.2 波束搜尋與通道估測(Beam Search & Channel Estimation) 37
4.2.1 波束切換(Beam Switch) 37
4.2.2 相關器(Correlator) 38
4.2.3 波束搜尋與通道估測(Beam search & Channel estimation) 42
4.3 系統效能(System Performance) 53
第五章結論及展望 58
參考文獻 59

參考文獻

[1] P. Tsai and X. Huang, “ "Design of Iterative Hybrid Beamforming for Multi-User mmWave Massive MIMO Systems," 2018 IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS), 2018, pp. 123-128, doi: 10.1109/SiPS.2018.8598303.”.
[2] R. W. Heath, N. González-Prelcic, S. Rangan, W. Roh and A. M. Sayeed, “"An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems," in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 436-453, April 2016, doi”.
[3] W. Hung, C. Chen, C. Liao, C. Tsai and A. A. Wu, “"Low-complexity hybrid precoding algorithm based on orthogonal beamforming codebook," 2015 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS), 2015, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/SiPS.2015.7345017.”.
[4] “MiWEBA (Millimeter-wave Evolution for Backhaul and Access) Channel Model-ing and Characterization, vol. FP7-ICT-608637 EU Contract, 2014”.
[5] “Reflection from the surface of the earth,” ITU Report 1008-1 , 1990.
[6] P. Tsai, Z. Chang, Z. Huang and W. Jau, “"Design and evaluation of a 4×4 MIMO-OFDM transceiver for gigabit indoor wireless communications," 2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, 2010, pp. 955-958, doi: 10.1109/APCCAS.2010.5774939.”.

指導教授

蔡佩芸(Pei-Yun Tsai)

審核日期

2021-9-16

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