Ag/BCP：ZnO NPs膜層的探討應用於雙面反式鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池

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陳靜儒(Ching-Ju Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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光電科學與工程學系

論文名稱

Ag/BCP：ZnO NPs膜層的探討應用於雙面反式鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池
(Investigation of Ag/BCP: ZnO NPs films applied to the bifacial inverted perovskite thin film solar cells)

相關論文

★ 穩定高效之漸變鈣鈦礦合金薄膜太陽能電池

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至系統瀏覽論文 (2025-9-1以後開放)

摘要(中)

鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池在近幾年期間，光電轉換效率急速上升地來到
25.2 %，不過成長幅度隨著單一接面限制也日漸趨緩，全球的科學家利
用堆疊型鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池以突破光電轉換效率，此類型是以高
能隙太陽能電池(鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池)堆疊於低能隙太陽能電池(矽
基太陽能電池)，分別吸收不同波段的太陽光，因此製備出半透明鈣鈦
礦薄膜太陽能電池是實現堆疊型鈣鈦礦/矽薄膜太陽能電池的先前工
作。本論文採用半透明雙面鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池的架構為:
AZO/Ag/BCP: ZnO NPs/PC61BM/CH3NH3PbI3/PEDOT:PSS/ITO/glass。透
明導電的鋁摻雜之氧化鋅(Al-doped ZnO, AZO)薄膜為陰極、氧化銦錫
(ITO)薄膜為陽極;奈米級 Ag 為緩衝層; Bathocuproine: ZnO nanoparticles
(BCP: ZnO NPs)為緩衝層兼電子傳輸層; phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl
ester (PC61BM) 為電子傳輸層、 poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene)
polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)為電洞傳輸層; CH3NH3PbI3 則是元件
的吸光層。
透過 BCP: ZnO NPs 製程參數的調控、Ag 厚度與蒸鍍鍍率的改變、
濺鍍 AZO 功率與膜層厚度的挑選，製備出的半透明雙面鈣鈦礦薄膜太
陽能電池當太陽光由 ITO 面照射太陽能電池，元件最高的功率轉換效
率（power conversion efficiency, PCE）可達 11.08 %，此元件的短路電
ii
流密度（short-circuit current density, JSC）為 21.30 mA / cm2、開路電壓
（open-circuit voltage, VOC）為 0.89 V 和填充係數（fill factor, FF）為
57.46 %；當太陽光由 AZO 面照射太陽能電池，元件最高的功率轉換效
率（power conversion efficiency, PCE）可達 5.40 %，此元件的短路電流
密度（short-circuit current density, JSC）為 9.33 mA / cm2、開路電壓（opencircuit voltage, VOC）為 0.88 V 和填充係數（fill factor, FF）為 64.6 %
最後，透過分析光強度相依的電流密度-電壓曲線，證實了鈣鈦礦
薄膜的電洞傳遞的性質優於電子傳遞的性質。此特性的理解有助於將
來實現高效率的雙面鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池元件。

摘要(英)

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite thin film solar
cells have increased rapidly to 25.2 %. However, the increment in the PCE
is getting slower for the limitation of the single junction. To increase the PCE,
the perovskite/inorganic tandem configuration has been proposed. In the
tandem solar cell, the large bandgap perovskite solar cell has to be fabricated
on the low bandgap inorganic solar cell. Therefore, an efficient semitransparent perovskite thin film solar cell has to be developed in advance.
In this research, the architecture of the semi-transparent bifacial
perovskite thin film solar cell is: Al-doped ZnO/Ag/BCP: ZnO
NPs/PC61BM/CH3NH3PbI3/PEDOT:PSS/ITO/glass. Al-doped ZnO (AZO)
and ITO are used as the cathode and the anode, respectively. PCBM and
PEDOT:PSS are used as the electron transport layer (ETL) and the hole
transport layer (HTL), respectively. CH3NH3PbI3 thin film is used as the light
absorbed material (LAM). Ag/BCP: ZnO NPs is used as the buffer layer and
ETL modified layer.
After the optimization process, the highest PCE of the bifacial
perovskite thin film solar cell is 11.08% when the device is illuminated from
the ITO side, the short-circuit current density (JSC) is 21.30 mA/cm2
, the
open-circuit voltage (VOC) is 0.89 V and the fill factor (FF) is 57.46 %. The
highest PCE of the bifacial perovskite thin film solar cell is 5.40 % when the
device is illuminated from the AZO side, the JSC is 9.33 mA/cm2
, VOC is 0.88
V and FF is 64.6 %. Finally, from the light intensity-dependent FF of the
bifacial perovskite solar cell show that the hole mobility is higher than the
electron mobility in the CH3NH3PbI3 thin film.

關鍵字(中)

★ 鈣鈦礦
★ 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池
★ 薄膜

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

摘要................................................................................. i
Abstract........................................................................ iii
致謝............................................................................... iv
目錄............................................................................... vi
第一章緒論.................................................................. 1
1.1 前言................................................................................... 1
1.2 太陽能電池發展與種類簡介 .......................................... 4
1.2.1 無機類型太陽能電池........................................................... 6
1.2.2 有機類型太陽能電池........................................................... 7
1.2.2.1 染料敏化太陽能電池(Dye-sensitized Solar Cells) .......... 8
1.3 研究動機......................................................................... 10
1.4 本文架構......................................................................... 13
第二章鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池發展與文獻回顧..... 14
2.1 鈣鈦礦材料結構歷史 .................................................... 14
2.2 平面異質接面鈣鈦礦太陽能電池結構........................ 18
2.2.1 平面 n-i-p 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池........................................... 18
2.2.2 反式 p-i-n 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池........................................... 19
2.3 鈣鈦礦膜層品質好壞的因素 ........................................ 21
vii
2.4 鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池運作原理 ................................ 25
2.5 半透明鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池文獻回顧.................... 28
2.6 兩接點與四接點堆疊式薄膜太陽能電池.................... 34
第三章實驗方法........................................................ 36
3.1 藥品與溶液配置 ............................................................ 36
3.1.1 實驗藥品............................................................................. 36
3.1.2 調配溶液.............................................................................. 37
3.2 實驗儀器......................................................................... 40
3.2.1 低水氧手套箱(Glove Box System).................................... 40
3.2.2 旋轉塗佈機(Spin Coater)................................................... 40
3.2.3 熱蒸發蒸鍍系統(Thermal Evaporator System)................. 40
3.2.4 多腔式 RF 射頻磁控濺鍍系統(RF Magnetron Sputtering
Deposition).................................................................................... 41
3.3 半透明鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池製作流程.................... 43
3.3.1 ITO pattern 玻璃清潔.......................................................... 44
3.3.2 使用 UV-Ozone cleaner 做表面處理................................. 44
3.3.3 旋塗 PEDOT:PSS 與熱退火處理 ...................................... 44
3.3.4 旋塗鈣鈦礦 CH3NH3PbI3層與熱退火處理 ...................... 45
3.3.5 旋塗 PC61BM 層與溶劑退火處理..................................... 46
viii
3.3.6 旋塗 BCP: ZnO NPs 層與熱退火處理.............................. 46
3.3.7 刮出電極............................................................................. 46
3.3.8 熱蒸鍍薄銀緩衝層............................................................. 46
3.3.9 RF 射頻磁控濺鍍 AZO 透明導電膜電極.......................... 47
3.4 量測儀器......................................................................... 48
3.4.1 掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope)......... 48
3.4.2 紫外光 / 可見光 / 紅外光光譜儀 (UV/Visible/NIR
Spectrophotometer, Hitachi U-4100)............................................ 49
3.4.3 太陽光模擬器與 IV 量測系統(DRIEL LSS-7120 Solar
Simulator)...................................................................................... 49
3.4.4 拉曼光譜儀(Raman Spectra).............................................. 50
第四章半透明鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池製作與結果分析
...................................................................................... 52
4.1 應用 ZnO NPs 作為緩衝層之鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池52
4.1.1 應用 ZnO NPs 緩衝層之鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池之 J-V
curve 分析..................................................................................... 52
4.1.2 改變 ZnO NPs 緩衝層厚度之鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池之 JV curve 分析 ................................................................................. 55
4.1.3 ZnO NPs 薄膜之 SEM 分析................................................ 57
ix
4.1.4 以異丙醇稀釋 ZnO NPs ink 之 J-V curve 分析................ 58
4.2 應用 BCP: ZnO NPs 作為緩衝層之鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能
電池........................................................................................ 61
4.2.1 應用 BCP 與 ZnO NPs 溶液不同比例作為緩衝層之鈣鈦
礦薄膜太陽能電池 J-V curve 分析............................................. 61
4.2.2 BCP: ZnO NPs 膜層之拉曼光譜分析............................... 63
4.2.3 BCP: ZnO NPs 膜層之吸收光譜分析............................... 65
4.2.4 改變旋轉塗佈 BCP: ZnO NPs 緩衝層轉速之鈣鈦礦薄膜太
陽能電池 J-V curve 分析 ............................................................. 68
4.2.5 BCP: ZnO NPs 膜層不同厚度之拉曼光譜分析............... 70
4.3 半透明鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池製作與優化................ 74
4.3.1 以 BCP: ZnO NPs 作為緩衝層之雙面鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電
池結果之 J-V curve 分析 ............................................................. 74
4.3.2 導入 Ag/BCP: ZnO NPs 作為緩衝層之銀不同厚度下之半
透明鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池之 J-V curve 分析......................... 75
4.3.3 透明電極 AZO 不同濺鍍功率下之半透明鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽
能電池之 J-V curve 分析 ............................................................. 78
4.3.4 透明電極 AZO 不同厚度下之雙面鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池
之 J-V curve 分析 ......................................................................... 80
x
4.3.5 AZO/Ag/BCP: ZnO NPs 之 AZO 不同厚度下之穿透光譜分
析................................................................................................... 82
4.3.6 改變緩衝層銀鍍率之雙面鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池之 J-V
curve 分析..................................................................................... 84
4.3.7 AZO/Ag/BCP: ZnO NPs 膜層之 Ag 不同鍍率下之穿透光譜
分析............................................................................................... 86
4.3.8 Ag/BCP: ZnO NPs 膜層之 Ag 不同鍍率下之拉曼光譜分析
....................................................................................................... 87
4.3.9 單獨加入銀作為緩衝層之半透明鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池
之 J-V curve 分析 ......................................................................... 89
4.4 雙面鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池之特性分析.................... 92
4.4.1 雙面鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池之 IPCE 分析...................... 92
4.4.2 雙面鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池之時間-最大功率點 (MPP)
曲線............................................................................................... 93
4.4.3 雙面鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池之 Light intensity-dependent
JV curve 與 fill factor(FF) 分析 .................................................. 94
4.4.4 雙面鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池之穿透光譜與堆疊型鈣鈦礦
薄膜太陽能電池結果................................................................... 97
4.4.5 雙面鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池之穩定性分析..................... 98
xi
第五章結論.............................................................. 100
參考文獻.................................................................... 105

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指導教授

陳昇暉張勝雄(Sheng-Hui Chen Sheng-Hsiung Chang)

審核日期

2020-8-18

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