布朗粒子的自發性熱機

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姓名

林文麒(Wenqi Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

物理學系

論文名稱

布朗粒子的自發性熱機
(Autonomous Heat Engines of a Brownian Particle)

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摘要(中)

熱擾動對微觀物體的影響至關重要。最近，一些研究表明熱擾動轉化為機械功，稱為微觀熱動機。對熱機的研究主要集中在熱力學能量上，如熱、功和效率，以及熱力學流（熱流量或功率）與熵生產（或效率）之間的關係，稱為熱力學不確定性關係。在這篇論文中，我報告了布朗粒子的自主熱機的演示，該熱機被回饋控制的光學鑷子限制在傾斜的二維諧位能中，並浸在兩個不同溫度的熱浴中，溫度為橫和縱方向。我表明，線性熱機可以通過對粒子上充分調整的不對稱非保守耦合力實現卡諾效率。我還發現，流量的擾動，被其平方正規化後，與熵生產或效率的反向緊密相連，這與熱力學不確定性關係理論非常一致。

摘要(英)

The effect of thermal fluctuations is critical on microscopic objects. Recently, several researches have demonstrated the mechanical transducers to convert thermal fluctuations to mechanical work, called the microscopic heat engines. The studies on the engine mainly focus on the thermodynamic energetics, such as heat, work, and efficiency, as well as the relation between the current fluctuations (the heat or work rate) and entropy production (or efficiency), known as the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR). In this thesis, I report the demonstration of the autonomous heat engine of a Brownian particle confined in a tilted two-dimensional harmonic potential and immersed in two heat baths of different temperatures in x- and y-direction by feedback-controlled optical tweezers. I show that the linear engine can achieve the Carnot efficiency by the asymmetric non-conservative coupling force acting on the particle adequately tuned. I also find that the fluctuations of current rescaled by the averaged current square are tightly bound by the inverse of entropy production or efficiency, which agrees well with the theories of TUR.

關鍵字(中)

★ 隨機熱力學
★ 熱機
★ 膠體粒子
★ 布朗運動
★ 熱力學不確定性關係
★ 回饋控制
★ 光學鑷子

關鍵字(英)

★ Stochastic thermodynamics
★ Heat engine
★ Colloidal particle
★ Brownian motion
★ Thermodynamic uncertainty relation
★ Feedback control
★ Optical tweezers

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract iii
Acknowledgements v
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Thermal fluctuations 1
1.2 Heat engines 2
1.3 Microscopic heat engines 3
1.4 Autonomous linear Brownian engine 4
2 Theories 5
2.1 Temperature and Microscopic Particles 5
2.2 Stochastic thermodynamics 7
2.3 Thermodynamic uncertainty relations 8
3 Brownian Gyrator 11
3.1 Brownian gyrator 11
3.2 Energetics 14
3.2.1 Power, heat rate, and efficiency 14
4 Optical Feedback Trap 17
4.1 Optical tweezers 17
4.1.1 Basic principle 17
4.1.2 Optical components and alignment 19
4.2 Feedback control 23
4.2.1 Feedback loop 23
4.2.2 Control of artificial temperature 24
4.2.3 Generation of two-dimensional potential with artificial temperature 24
4.2.4 Calibration of the optical feedback trap 26
4.3 Demonstration of two-dimensional potential and artificial temperature 28
5 Results 31
5.1 Particle trajectory 31
5.2 Performance 33
5.3 Current fluctuations and entropy production 36
6 Discussion and Outlook 39
6.1 Summary 39
6.2 Outlook: Heat engine in non-equilibrium bath 40
Appendices 41
A The linear heat engine in the active bath 43
A.0.1 Active bath 43
Bibliography 47

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指導教授

田溶根(Yonggun Jun)

審核日期

2021-7-2

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