博碩士論文 109724015 詳細資訊




以作者查詢圖書館館藏 以作者查詢臺灣博碩士 以作者查詢全國書目 勘誤回報 、線上人數:26 、訪客IP:18.116.19.251
姓名 戴日豪(Rih-Hao Dai)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 法律與政府研究所
論文名稱 總統議會制轉型總理總統制之研究—以葡萄牙半總統制演變為例(1974-2000)
(A Research on the transformation from the president-parliamentary system to the premier-presidential system - Taking the evolution of Portugal′s semi-presidentialism as an example (1974-2000))
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摘要(中) 半總統制和議會內閣制、總統制等,為當今憲政體制研究上之焦點。半總統制之次類型,依據1992年Shugart和Carey提出之分類標準,可以區分為「總理總統制」與「總統議會制」二種類型。在半總統制的適用上,部分國家如葡萄牙、斯里蘭卡等國原先採用總統議會制之次類型,而後透過修憲的方式轉型為總理總統制之次類型。
本文以葡萄牙作為半總統制個案研究之國家,以新制度主義之歷史制度主義為主要研究途徑,並且以文獻分析法和個案研究法之研究方法,探討該國在1974年之康乃馨革命推翻威權政權開始,於1976年制憲進入半總統制之總統議會制類型,1982年時修憲後轉型為半總統制之總理總統制類型,至2000年為止之制度演變情形。研究核心在於該國採用半總統制之背景、次類型轉換之關鍵性因素、採用不同次類型之優缺點與對政治穩定之影響等,本文之結論為葡萄牙在採用總理總統制之次類型後,政治穩定上顯著較前一時期採用總統議會制之次類型高,在制度上亦較為能夠保持長期之均衡狀態。
摘要(英) Semi-presidentialism is a focus of research on constitutional studies. According to the classification standard proposed by Shugart and Carey in 1992, semi-presidentialism can be divided into premier-presidential system and president-parliamentary system. In the adoption of semi-presidentialism, some countries such as Portugal, Sri Lanka and other countries originally adopted the sub-type of the president-parliamentary system, and then transformed into the sub-type of the premier-presidential system through constitutional amendments.
This paper choose Portugal as a study case, with the historical institutionalism of the new institutionalism as the main research method, and the research methods of the literature analysis method and the case study method,is aim to discuss from Carnation Revolution in 1974, and entered into a semi- presidentialism with new constitution in 1976 of president-parliamentary system, then transferred into semi-presidentialism premier-presidential system in 1982, and the evolution of the system until 2000. The core of the research lies in the background of the country′s adoption of the semi-presidentialism, the key factors of sub-type conversion, the advantages and disadvantages of using different sub-types, and the impact on political stability, etc. The conclusion of this paper is that after adopting the sub-type of the premier-presidential system, the political stability of Portugal is significantly higher than that of the sub-type of the president-parliamentary system in the previous period, and the system is also more able to maintain a long-term equilibrium status.
關鍵字(中) ★ 半總統制
★ 總理總統制
★ 總統議會制
★ 葡萄牙
關鍵字(英) ★ semi-presidentialism
★ premier-presidential system
★ president-parliamentary system
★ Portugal
論文目次 摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝辭 iii
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與研究問題 2
第一項 研究目的 2
第二項 研究問題 3
第三節 文獻探討 3
第一項 新制度主義 3
第二項 半總統制 4
第三項 葡萄牙憲政經歷 6
第四項 政治穩定 7
第四節 研究途徑與研究方法 8
第一項 研究途徑 8
第二項 研究方法 8
第五節 研究範圍與研究限制 10
第一項 研究範圍 10
第二項 研究限制 10
第六節 研究架構與章節安排 11
第一項 研究架構 11
第二項 章節安排 12
第二章 理論說明 15
第一節 新制度主義 15
第一項 新制度主義類型 17
第二項 路徑依賴、斷續式均衡與制度變遷 20
第二節 半總統制 21
第一項 半總統制定義 21
第二項 半總統制分類標準 22
第三節 總理總統制與總統議會制比較分析 35
第四節 半總統制之演化與轉型 36
第一項 半總統制之議會化 36
第二項 半總統制之總統化 37
第三項 半總統制次類型之轉型 38
第四項 半總統制之轉出 39
第五節 半總統制與政治穩定 41
第三章 葡萄牙民主化與總統議會制時期憲政發展 45
第一節 葡萄牙民主化與半總統制(1974年~1976年) 45
第一項 新國家政體 45
第二項 康乃馨革命與民主化 46
第三項 過渡時期發展說明 47
第二節 葡萄牙民主化與政黨政治 51
第一項 葡萄牙主要政黨說明 52
第二項 葡萄牙選舉制度說明 55
第三節 葡萄牙總統議會制時期(1976年~1982年) 55
第一項 憲法規範 56
第二項 憲政過程 58
第三項 政治特色 63
第四章 葡萄牙總理總統制時期憲政發展與轉型前後比較 65
第一節 葡萄牙總理總統制時期(1982年~2000年) 65
第一項 憲法規範 65
第二項 憲政過程 67
第三項 政治特色 71
第二節 葡萄牙半總統制轉型前後比較 72
第一項 憲法規範比較 72
第二項 行政權與立法權互動關係 74
第三項 憲政運作與政黨政治關係 76
第三節 葡萄牙憲政體制與政治穩定分析 78
第一項 民主化進程 78
第二項 次類型演變 79
第五章 結論 83
第一節 研究發現 83
第二節 研究建議 85
參考文獻 87
附錄一 葡萄牙1976年至2000年總統、總理與政府類型表 101
附錄二 葡萄牙1976年至2022年總統黨籍與任期表 102
附錄三 葡萄牙1976年至2022年總理任期表 103
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指導教授 鍾國允(Kuo-Yun Chung) 審核日期 2022-7-4
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