黏土壓縮與壓密行為之研究

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姓名

譚志豪(Chih-Hao Tan) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

黏土壓縮與壓密行為之研究
(The Behavior of Compression and Consolidation for Clays)

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摘要(中)

摘　要
本研究針對黏土壓縮與壓密行為進行廣泛之研究，根據研究成果具體提出：(1)試驗方法對粘性土壤壓縮與壓密參數之影響、(2)尺寸效應對黏土壓縮與壓密行為之影響、(3)時間座標尺度對解釋次壓縮行為之影響、以及(4)超載預壓對黏土長期沉陷之影響等前人較少提及之研究結果。本研究亦規劃執行不同尺寸試體之壓密試驗，探究尺寸效應對黏土壓縮及壓密行為之影響，藉以驗證小尺寸試體之壓縮與壓密參數是否可反應現地土層之壓密沉陷行為。
此外，為掌握沉陷分析時施工作業對土層壓密行為之影響，本研究發展一套能考慮垂直向與徑向壓密、非線性土壤參數、軟弱土層大變形、荷載隨時間變化、不規則形狀荷載、樁-土複合地盤沉陷行為、點井抽水與解水、以及井阻抗與塗抹效應等現地施工狀況之多功能壓密沉陷數值程式，並透過實際之沉陷案例分析累積參數之選取經驗，而不同種類土壤壓縮與壓密參數之率定資料可供各界處理類似沉陷問題時之參考。

摘要(英)

ABSTRACT
Based on the results of this study we achieved several important conclusions such as the discrepancies of the compression and consolidation parameters under the different test conditions from the conventional consolidation test, the effect of size of specimens on the compression and consolidation parameters of clays, the effect of time scale on the interpretation of secondary compression for clays, and the effect of the amount and the duration of surcharge on the long-term settlement of clays.
This study also carried out the consolidation tests for specimens of different size to investigate the size effect of compression and consolidation parameters. The results of the tests are not only to verify whether the compression and consolidation parameters of 2 cm specimen can be applied to predict the consolidation settlement of a thick soil layer in the field, but also to feedback the numerical model.
Furthermore, the construction factors, such as nonlinear parameters, large strain, time-varying load, loading and unloading of arbitrary foundation shape, the settlement of the composite ground reinforced by piles, dewatering and recharging of ground water, and the smear effect and the well resistance of prefabricated vertical drains, are simulated to improve the abilities of the numerical program. The verification of the numerical model with other closed-form solutions or numerical results was performed. Furthermore, the statistical correlations of the compression and consolidation parameters with their physical indexes for many alluvial clays and the experiences of settlement analysis obtained from several engineering projects were also proposed.

關鍵字(中)

★ 壓縮
★ 壓密
★ 尺寸效應
★ 時間尺度
★ 超載預壓

關鍵字(英)

★ compression
★ consolidation
★ size effect
★ time scale
★ surcharge

論文目次

目錄
表目錄
圖目錄
第一章　緒論
1.1 研究動機與目的
1.2 研究內容與流程
1.3 論文架構
第二章　文獻回顧
2.1 沉陷分析模式之回顧
2.1.1 總沉陷量估算模式
2.1.2 沉陷速率推估模式
2.2 壓密試驗之回顧
2.2.1 等應變速率試驗
2.2.2 控制梯度試驗
2.2.3 連續加載試驗
2.3 黏土壓縮與壓密性質之回顧
2.3.1 預壓密應力
2.3.2 壓縮指數與再壓指數
2.3.3 次壓縮指數
2.3.4 壓密係數
2.3.5 綜合討論
2.4 現有數值程式之回顧
2.4.1 SETTLE程式之回顧
2.4.2 CONSOL程式之回顧
2.4.3 RAMP程式之回顧
2.4.4 綜合討論
2.5 影響壓密沉陷預測準確性之主要因素
2.5.1 分析模式之使用限制
2.5.2 現地因素之影響
2.5.3 土壤參數之選取差異
第三章　黏土壓縮與壓密參數之探討
3.1 試驗方法對壓縮與壓密參數之影響
3.1.1 壓縮參數之整理
3.1.2 壓密參數之整理
3.1.3 綜合討論
3.2 尺寸效應對壓縮與壓密行為之影響
3.2.1 尺寸效應之爭論
3.2.2 側壁摩擦力之影響評估
3.2.3 試驗內容及設備
3.2.4 試驗結果
3.2.5 尺寸效應之探討
3.3 時間座標尺度對解釋次壓縮行為之影響
3.3.1 對數時間座標上之非線性次壓縮現象
3.3.2 時間座標尺度之影響
3.3.3 土壤長期次壓縮沉陷之估算
3.3.4 綜合討論
3.4 超載比與超載時間最佳化之探討
3.4.1 超載工法之原理
3.4.2 超載預壓對土壤沉陷行為之影響
3.4.3 室內超載預壓試驗
3.4.4 試驗結果與分析
3.4.5 工程應用之探討
第四章　壓密沉陷數值程式之開發、模擬與驗證
4.1 數值程式之開發
4.1.1 有限差分法
4.1.2 垂直向壓密方程式之開發
4.1.3 徑向壓密方程式之開發
4.2 數值程式之驗證
4.2.1 垂直向壓密程式之解析解驗證
4.2.2 徑向壓密程式之理解析驗證
4.2.3 層狀系統之現有數值解驗證
4.2.4 綜合討論
4.3 施工作業之數值模擬
4.3.1 非線性土壤參數
4.3.2 軟弱土層大變形
4.3.3 荷載隨時間變化之模擬
4.3.4 不同形狀荷載之模擬
4.3.5 樁-土複合地盤沉陷行為之模擬
4.3.6 點井抽水與解水之模擬
4.3.7 井阻抗與塗抹效應之模擬
第五章　現地沉陷案例分析
5.1 捷運淡水線北投機廠排水預壓土質改良案例
5.1.1 工程概述
5.1.2 地質概況
5.1.3 簡化分析剖面
5.1.4 參數影響評估
5.1.5 最佳化分析結果
5.2 士林焚化廠排水預壓土質改良案例
5.2.1 工程概述
5.2.2 地質概況
5.2.3 簡化分析剖面
5.2.4 參數影響評估
5.2.5 最佳化分析結果
5.3 基隆河截彎取直金泰段排水預壓土質改良案例
5.3.1 工程概述
5.3.2 地質概況
5.3.3 簡化分析剖面
5.3.4 參數影響評估
5.3.5 最佳化分析結果
5.4 中油高雄大林廠儲槽試水案例
5.4.1 工程概述
5.4.2 地質概況
5.4.3 簡化分析剖面
5.4.4 分析結果
5.5 台塑麥寮油槽區填土預壓改良案例
5.5.1 工程概述
5.5.2 地質概況
5.5.3 簡化分析剖面
5.5.4 分析結果
5.6 台電台中火力發電廠灰塘區砂樁改良案例
5.6.1 工程概述
5.6.2 地質概況
5.6.3 煤灰之物理與化學特性
5.6.4 煤灰之壓縮與壓密特性
5.6.5 水力回填煤灰之土質改良建議
第六章　黏土壓縮與壓密參數之整理
6.1 土壤壓縮及壓密參數與基本物理指數性質之關係6.1.1 壓縮參數之整理
6.1.2 壓密參數之整理
6.1.3 綜合評述
6.2 土壤壓縮與壓密參數之選取建議
第七章　結論與建議
7.1 結論
7.2 建議
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參考文獻

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指導教授

黃俊鴻(Jin-Hung Hwang)

審核日期

2002-7-18

推文