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姓名	吳嘉瑄(Chia-Hsuan Wu)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	藝術學研究所
論文名稱	莫利斯‧德尼早期繪畫中的宗教特質（1889-1895） (The Religious Characteristic in Maurice Denis' Early Painting)
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摘要(中)	vi 本論文主要是探討莫利斯‧德尼早期繪畫中的宗教特質（1889-1895），範圍包含 宗教繪畫以及具有宗教特質的象徵主義繪畫作品。一般認為德尼是十九世紀末前衛藝術 的倡導先驅之一。然而德尼此時期作品，多是以當時前衛藝術的風格來處理傳統的宗教 題材；此外在一些象徵主義作品中，也明顯呈現出一種宗教上的特質。德尼是一個虔誠 的天主教徒，其虔誠的宗教信仰，不僅決定了其生活態度與方式，同時也影響了藝術的 表現，因此他對於描繪宗教題材或宗教特質的強烈執著，並不能簡單的只置於象徵主義 的藝術範圍之下來看。在德尼前衛的藝術表現裡，其實包含著與之呼應的宗教內涵，亦 即天主教的信仰。此種藝術表現存在何種目的與意義，是受何影響？而德尼又是如何詮 釋？這些即是本論文欲處理的問題。 這些問題將從三個層面去探討。第一章將從天主教及宗教藝術的角度切入，試圖說 明1870 至90 年代法國天主教危機以及宗教藝術衰落的問題，並由此產生出一種盛行的 調和理念與作法。第二章則討論德尼的藝術理論〈新傳統主義的定義〉與〈宗教繪畫的 筆記〉，其基於天主教與宗教藝術的危機感，以及當時前衛藝術概念的多重影響下，闡 述了革新宗教繪畫的方向與調和理念；並與其他從事宗教繪畫復興與革新者的狀況作一 比較。第三章則討論德尼作品的內容與形式風格來。德尼的宗教繪畫在內容中所呈現的 調和意義，表現在現世人物與聖經故事角色的結合，以及現世環境與聖經故事發生場景 的結合上；另外也將討論其象徵主義作品中獨特的「白衣女子」形象。在形式風格上要 討論的是德尼以前衛藝術的形式風格來表現傳統的宗教題材作品，他以綜合主義風格作 為基調，並在色彩與線條運用上發展出個人特色；此外也要討論其使用點描法的目的與意義 德尼藉由結合傳統聖經題材與前衛藝術風格，為宗教繪畫風格僵化、喪失真誠宗教 情感的問題，提出了一種解決的方案，將宗教藝術與現代藝術的距離拉近，奠定了一種 現代宗教藝術的發展基礎。其蘊含的調和理念揭示出的是一個十九世紀末時代性的問 題、一種時代性的精神與理想，這即德尼早期宗教繪畫最重要的意義所在。
摘要(英)	The study mainly focuses on the religious characteristic in Maurice Denis’ early painting (1889-1895), including the religious painting and the Symbolism painting with the religious characteristic. Generally thought, Denis was one pioneer of the avant-garde art in the end of 19th century. His works in this period were almost presented not only traditional religious subject matter by means of avant-garde art style at that time but a kind of religious characteristic in some of his Symbolism painting. Denis was a reverent Catholic and due to his reverent religious belief, it had decided his life as well as having affected his art simultaneously. Therefore, he persisted intensely in expressing religious subject matter or characteristic not only explained with the view of Symbolism. Denis’ avant-garde art actually contains the religious thoughtfulness, Catholicism’’s belief, which responds to it. What the purposes and significance present in Denis’ art as well as the influence are and how Denis’ expression is will show in this study. These subjects are discussed through three levels: Chapter One explains France’s crise catholique and the decadence of religious art from the 1870s to the 1890’’s with the view of Catholicism and religious art and then resulting in the ‘reconciliation’ idea in vogue; Chapter Two discusses Denis’ art theories, ”Définition du néo-traditionnisme” and ”Note sur la peinture religieuse”. He expounded the new aspect of innovative religious painting and ‘reconciliation’ idea on the basis of the crise catholique, the decadence of religious art and the multiple influences of the avant-garde art concept at that time. Besides, it compares Denis with other reformers engaging in the religious painting; Chapter Three shows the contents and the form style in Denis’ works. It presents the combination of the common people and the Bible story’s roles as well as the combination of the secular world and the Bible story’s scenes in Denis’ religious painting. Moreover, it also discusses the unique image of "the white clothing female" in his Symbolism works. In his form style, Denis depicted the traditional religious subject matter by means of avant-garde art style based on the Synthetism style and then developing individual characteristic on the color and the line. In addition, the purposes and the significance of Denis’ Pointillism expression will be discussed. Denis addressed a solution which established a base of modern religious art for the ossifying of religious painting style and the losing of sincere religious sentiment by means of combining traditional religious subject matter and avant-garde art style. The ‘reconciliation’ idea revealed a question, a kind of spirit and ideal in the times about the end of 19th century, and this is the most important significance in Denis’ early religious painting.
關鍵字(中)	★ 象徵主義 ★ 德尼 ★ 宗教繪畫 ★ 先知派	關鍵字(英)	★ Les Nabis ★ Symbolism ★ Maurice Denis ★ religious painting
論文目次	摘要........................................................................................................................... vi Abstract .................................................................................................................... vii 誌謝........................................................................................................................... ix 圖版明細.................................................................................................................... x 導言............................................................................................................................ 1 1、研究動機與目的........................................................................................ 1 2、題目範圍界定與討論年代的說明以及研究步驟............................................. 2 3、相關文獻概述............................................................................................ 5 第一章1870 至1890 年代法國天主教危機與宗教藝術的衰落...................................... 8 第一節天主教危機................................................................................. 8 1、實證主義的威脅...................................................................... 8 2、天主教徒的因應之道.............................................................. 10 小結........................................................................................... 13 第二節宗教藝術的衰落........................................................................... 14 1、聖蘇勒庇斯宗教藝術............................................................ 16 2、學院宗教繪畫中的自然主義.................................................... 19 小結............................................................................................ 22 第二章德尼藝術理論中的調和理念........................................................................ 24 第一節建構德尼調和理念的象徵主義背景.............................................. 24 1、宗教復興與前衛藝術的關連................................................... 25 2、象徵主義中的綜合概念....................................................... 27 小結............................................................................................ 28 第二節德尼調和理念的闡述................................................................... 29 1、〈新傳統主義的定義〉....................................................... 29 2、〈宗教繪畫的筆記〉........................................................... 35 小結........................................................................................... 39 第三節德尼與其他復興與革新宗教繪畫者的比較............................... 40 1、培拉丹的天主教繪畫復興.................................................... 40 2、其他先知派藝術家.............................................................. 44 小結.......................................................................................... 47 第三章調和理念在德尼作品中的呈現..................................................................... 49 第一節在內容上的調和表現................................................................. 49 1、現世人物與聖經故事角色的結合......................................... 50 2、現世環境與聖經故事發生場景的結合.................................. 59 3、象徵主義作品中的宗教特質................................................. 64 小結............................................................................................ 67 第二節在風格上的調和表現................................................................ 68 1、綜合主義風格的表現........................................................... 68 2、點描技法的運用................................................................... 78 小結........................................................................................... 82 結論.......................................................................................................................... 83 圖版.......................................................................................................................... 88 參考書目................................................................................................................ 119 索引........................................................................................................................ 123
參考文獻	書籍— Aichele, Kathryn Poter. Maurice Denis And George Desvalliéres: From Symbolism To Sacred Art, Ph.D dissertation, Bryn Mawr College, 1976 Bouillon, Jean-Paul. Maurice Denis, Skira, Geneva, 1993 Burhan, Filiz Eda. Vision and Vionary: Nineteenth Century Psychological Theory. The Occult Sciences and the Formation of the Symbolist Aesthetic in France, Ph.D, Princeton University, 1979 Carlson, Jean M. The Nabis and Politics: Construction and Destruction of Myth, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 1992 Chassé, Charles. The Nabis and their period, translated by Michael Bullock, New York: F.A.P, 1969 Denis, Maurice. Journal , , Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ（1884-1904, 1905-1920, 1921-1943），La Colombe, Paris, 1957-1959 ——Théories, 1890-1910 du symbolisme et de Gauguin vers un nouvel ordre classique, 1st and 2nd ed, Paris: Bibliothèque de l’Occident, 1912；3rd ed, Paris: Rouart et Watelin, 1913; 4th ed, ibid, 1920 Driskel, Michael Paul. Representing Belief: Religion Art and Society in Nineteenth Century France, University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992 Ellridge, Arthur. Gauguin and the Nabis—Prophets of Modernism, Terrail, Paris, 1995 Gibson, Ralph. A Social History of French Catholicism 1789-1914, London; New York: Routledge, 1989 Greenspan, Taube G.. “Les Nostalgiques” Re-Examined: The Idyllic Landscape in France, 1890-1905, Ph.D dissertation, City University of New york, 1981 Herban, Mathew. Maurice Denis’ “Nouvel Ordre Classique” As Contained In His Théories(1890-1910), Ph.D dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1972 L’Abbé, J. Pierre N. Catholic Critics on Religious Art in France, 1870-1920, Ph.D dissertation, University of Toronto, 1990 Marlais, Michael. Conservative Echoes in Fin-de-siècle Parisian Art Criticism, The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992 Martin, Elizabeth. Puckett. The Symbolist Criticism Of Painting, Ph.D dissertation, Bryn Mawr College, 1948 Mathieu, Pierre-Louis. The symbolist generation, 1870-1910, New York : Skira : Rizzoli, 1990 O’Connell, Marvin. Critics on Trial: An Introduction to the Catholic Modernist Crisis, Washington, D.C: Catholic University of America, 1994 Di Pasquale, Maria Elena. The Crise Catholique:Avant-Garde Religious Painting in France, 1890-1912, Ph.D dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, 1999.5 Ravitc, Norman. The Catholic Church and the French Nation 1589-1989, London: Routledge, 1990 Russell, John. Vuillard, Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontorio, 1971 Shiff, Richard. Cézanne and the End of Impressionism: A Study of Theory, Techcique, and Critical Evaluation of Modern Art, Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1984 Welsh, Robert P. ”Sacred Geometry: French Symbolism and Early Abstraction”, The Spiritual in Art: Abstract Painting 1890-1985, Robert Galbreath, ed, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1986 Wippel, John F. “Metaphysics”, in The Cambridge Companion to Aquinas, Norman Fretzmann and Eleanor Stump, ed, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993 Christian Imagery in French Nineteenth Century Art, 1789-1906, Kashey, Elizabeth, ed, New York: Shepherd Gallery, 1980 Le ciel et L’Arcadie, edited by Jean-Paul Bouillon, Paris: Hermann, 1993 Maurice Denis, Orangerie des Tuilerie, Rénunion des Musées Paris, 1970 Maurice Denis: Orangrrie des Tuileries: 3 Juin 31 aout 1970, Réunion des Musées, Paris, 1970 Maurice Denis, Exhibition catalogue, Huguette Berès, Paris, 1992 Maurice Denis, Exhibition catalogue, the English translation, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Lyon, Paris, 1993 Un nouveau regard sur Maurice Denis, Musée Rollin, Autun / Société nouvelle Adam Biro, Paris, 1996 Odilon Redon, Abrams, The Institute of Chicago, 1994 Theories of Modern Art: A Source Book by Artists and Critics, Herschel B. Chipp ed, 1968 Nabis, 1888-1900, Claire Fréches-Thory, ed, Réunion des musées nationaux, Paris, 1993 Symbolists Art Theories: A Critical Anthology, Henri Dorra, ed, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of Canifornia Press, 1994 Beyond the Easel: Decorative Painting by Bonnard, Vuillard, Denis and Roussel, 1890-1930, New Haven, Conn. : Yale University Press, 2001 Four French Symbolists: A Sourcebook on Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, Maurice Denis, edited by Russell T. Clement, Greenwood Press, 1996 李明明，《形象與言語》，三民書局，台北，1992 ——《古典與象徵的界線—象徵詩人畫家莫侯及其詩人寓意畫》，東大圖書公司，台北， 1993 高端霞，《羅賽蒂繪畫中之女性形象研究》，中央大學碩士論文，1997.6 張心龍，《聖經‧繪畫---舊約、新約與聖徒傳說》，雄師圖書公司，台北市，2001 蔡綺，《新藝術研究》，捷太出版社，台中市，1997 《現代藝術理論Ⅰ》，余珊珊翻譯，遠流出版社，台北市，1995 —期刊— Dumas, Ann. ”Maurice Denis: Subjective States”, Art in America，vol.83, n.4, 1995 Thompson, Jan. “Role of Woman in the Iconography of Art Nouveau”, Art Journal，31:2, 1971-72 Weisberg, Gabriel P. ”From The Real To The Unreal: Religious Painting And Photography At The Salons Of Te Third Republic”, Arts Magazine LX, 1985.12 Vaughan, Gerard. ”Maurice Denis and the Sense of Music”, The Oxford Art Journal, 7:1, 1984
指導教授	李明明(Ming-Ming Lee)	審核日期	2003-7-20
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