| 摘要(英) |
In this thesis I aim to explore the double effects of individualization exerting on homosexuals at hot springs in Taiwan, and thereby to unveil the counter agency of the ambiguous and secret homosexual performance against the heteronormative regulation.
In the process of individualization, homosexuals, like other individuals, are cultivated to become self-concerned citizens, and are encouraged to fulfill their desires through consumption. Such a self-concerned pursuit is regulated by the state and the market in order to construct individuals to be docile and useful subjects for the heteronormative institutions’ benefits. The termination of sex workers’ official license at Peitou in 1979 designates that the eradication of “non-normative” sexuality out of hot spring industry has become the heteronormative institutions’ principle of reconstructing hot spring as a healthful, natural, and de-sexualized leisure model/commodity. Nevertheless, the implementation of de-sexualization fails to eliminate homosexual performance at hot springs. In the same process of individualization, homosexuals are indeed on the one hand cultivated as compliant subjects to conform to the heteronormative ideology of intimacy, whereas on the other hand, they are individualized, like other consumers, to know their own need, pursue their own need, and fulfill their own need actively at hot springs.
With the cover of hot spring customs and spatial elements, such as opposite sexes bathing separately, same-sex bathing naked together, opaque hot spring water, small pools, secluded corners and the darkness of the night, homosexuals fulfill their sex/erotic/communal longing through the prudent practice of ambiguous eye contact and secret body touch. In hot spring space, homosexuals learn and practice skills of non-verbal sexual adventure under the surveillance of heteronormative institutions, and develop a neo-body-space concept to counter the heteronormative ideology of intimacy. Homosexuals’ strategies of dealing with the heteronormative regulation may be rather low-toned and compliant, whereas in practicing ambiguous and secret homosexual acts, the counter agency is generated for them to expand homosexual territories, to cross the boundary of “public” and “private,” to create/preserve homosexual hot spring culture and thus to affirm their distinct sexuality in the heteronormative milieu.
The interacting and conflicting matrix of the powers of the state and the market, hot spring, homosexuals and their sex/erotic/communal acts will be explored in four ways. First, I conduct interview with homosexuals who have hot spring experience in order to bring into light the strategies taken by homosexuals in fulfilling their physical as well as mental needs and the tactics utilized by them to deal with the heteronormative surveillance. Secondly, I visit hot spring sites famous for homosexual congregation; I examine them as my case studies so as to closely observe how the location, the degree of openness and other spatial arrangement affect homosexual sex/erotic/communal acts, and how homosexual patrons deal with the heteronormative way of arranging a public locale. Thirdly, I take news reports and documents as texts of studying and investigating the technologies of surveillance and regulation employed by heteronormative institutions. Above all, I intend to employ the theories of power discourses to examine the homosexual performance in hot spring space so as to probe into the relationship between the power and the subject in the exertion of individualization.
This thesis assures the manipulation of the power of the state and that of the market in regulating homosexual acts in hot spring space, whereas it furthermore intends to recognize the homosexuals’ agency of questing restricted sex/erotic/communal longing with their individualized character—autonomy, self-reflexivity and individuality. |
| 參考文獻 |
Bibliography
I. English works:
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Bell, David. “Perverse Dynamics, Sexual Citizenship and the Transformation of Intimacy.” Mapping Desire: Geographies of Sexualities. Eds. David Bell and Gill Valentine. London: Routledge, 1995.
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Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish. Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage, 1995.
---. The History of Sexuality. Trans. Robert Hurley. Vol. 1. New York: Vintage, 1990.
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Giddens, Anthony. Modernity and Self-Identity. Cambridge: Polity, 1991.
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Manning, Toby. “Gay Culture: Who Needs It?” Anti-Gay. Ed. Mark Simpson. London: Freedom, 1996.
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Rubin, Gayle. “The Catacombs: A Temple of the Butthole.” Leatherfolk. Ed. Mark Thompson. Boston: Alysun, 1991.
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Tattelman, Ira. “Presenting a Queer (Bath)House.” Queer Frontiers: Millennial Geographies,
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Policing Public Sex: Queer Politics and the Future of Aids Activism. Eds. Dangerous Bedfellows, et al. Boston: South End, 1996.
II. Chinese works:
太平洋溫泉會館。〈泡湯在北投--戀戀北投，盡覽溫泉故鄉新風貌〉，宣傳單。
何甦，倪家珍，祐祐，Hank，斯斯。〈同志史觀：叫同性戀真難忘—台灣同志運動史概論〉，網路資料。http://www.hotline.org.tw/gay/media-events.htm。2002年3月5日。
阮慶岳。《出櫃空間---虛擬同志城》。台北：元尊文化，1998。
吳琬瑜。〈再會吧！溫泉鄉的溫柔〉。《天下雜誌》。1997年2月1日。
洪德仁編著。〈北投溫泉風流韻事〉。《北投采風》。台北：人人月曆，2000。
洪德仁。《戀戀北投溫泉》。台北：玉山社，1997。
陳耀民。〈虛擬情境下的真實身分認同：以台灣IRC系統為例〉。《第五屆性教育、性學、性別研究暨同性戀研究國際學術研討會論文集》。中央大學性別研究室編。中壢：中央大學性別研究室，2000。
張立伶。〈北投溫泉地人文變遷〉。《歷史月刊》。2000年2月號。
喀飛。〈台灣同志運動史摘要1990-2000〉。1999年12月16日。網路資料。http://www.hotline.org.tw/gay/history.htm#media。2002年3月5日。
國立台灣大學土木工程學研究所都市計劃室。《台灣北部地區溫泉規劃---台灣溫泉旅遊之分析與政策擬議》。台北：台灣省旅遊事業管理局，1988。
簡文燦。〈溫泉浴春色無邊趣事多〉。《中國時報》。1998年6月25日。19版。
---。〈溫泉鴛鴦浴，情人最傾心，一室難求〉。《中國時報》。2000年2月13日。
5版。
III. Interviews:
Brandon (pseudonym). Personal interview. 24 June 2001. Taipei.
Horatio (pseudonym). Personal interview. 24 June 2001. Taipei.
Hsiao-fong (psedonym). Personal interview. 6 Jan. 2002. Taipei.
Jack (pseudonym). Personal interview. 12 June 2001. Taipei
Kelvin (pseudonym). Personal interview. 25 June 2001. Taipei.
Leo (pseudonym). Personal interview. 26 June 2001. Taipei.
Peter (pseudonym). Personal interview. 6 Jan. 2002. Taipei.
Warner (pseudonym). Personal interview. 20 Dec. 2001. Taipei.
Wat (pseudonym). Personal interview. 9 Jan. 2002. Taipei. |
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