參考文獻 |
[1]Ackerman, J., The extinction-to-backscatter ratio of tropospheric aerosol: a numerical study, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 15, 1043-1050, 1998.
[2]Andreae, M.O., R.J. Charlson, R. Bruynseels H. Storms, R.V. Grieken, and W. Maenhaut, Internal mixture of sea salt, silicates and excess sulfate in marine aerosol, Science, 232, 1620-1623, 1986.
[3]Andreae, T.W., M.O. Andreae, and C. Ichoku, Light scattering by dust and anthropogenic aerosol at a remote site in the Negev desert, Israel, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JD900252, 2002.
[4]Angstrom, A., On the atmospheric transmission of Sun radiation and on dust in the air, Geogr. Ann., 12, 130-159, 1929.
[5]Ansmann, A., M. Riebesell, and C. Weitkamp, Measurement of atmospheric aerosol extinction profiles with a Raman lidar, Opt. Lett., 15, 746-748, 1990.
[6]Ansmann, A., M. Riebesell, U. Wandinger, C. Weitkamp, E. Voss, W. Lahmann, and W. Michealis, Combined Raman elastic-backscatter lidar for vertical profiling of moisture, aerosol extinction, backscatter, and lidar ratio, Appl. Phys., B55, 18-28, 1992.
[7]Balis, D., A. Papayannis, E. Galani, F. Marenco, V. Santacesaria, E. Hamonou, P. Chazette, I. Ziomas, and C. Zerefos, Tropospheric LIDAR aerosol measurement and sun photometric observations at Thessaloniki Greece, Atmos. Environ., 34, 925-932, 2000.
[8]Cairo, F., G.D. Donfrancesco, A. Adriani, L. Pulvirenti, and F. Fierli, Comparison of Various linear depolarization parameters measured by lidar, Appl. Opt., 38, 4425-4432, 1999.
[9]Casadio, S., A. Di Sarra, G. Fiocco, D. Fua, F. Lena, and M.P. Rao, Convective characteristics of the nocturnal urban boundary layer as observed with Doppler sodar and Raman lidar, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 79, 375-391, 1996.
[10]Chan, B.P., J.H. Kim, and C.H. Lee, Measurement of Asian dust by using of multiwavelength lidar, SPIE, 4153, 124-131, 2001.
[11]Chan, C.Y., L.Y. Chan, J.M. Harris, S.J. Oltmans, D.R. Blake, Y. Qin, Y.G. Zheng, and X.D. Zheng, Characteristics of biomass burning emission sources, transport, and chemical speciation in enhanced springtime tropospheric ozone profile over Hong Kong, J. Geophys. Res., 108, dio:10.1029/2001JD001555, 2003.
[12]Charlson, R.J., S.E. Schwartz, J.M. Hales, R.D. Cess, J.A. Coakley, J.E. Jr., Hansen, and D.J. Hofmann, Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols, Science, 255, 423-430, 1992.
[13]Chen, T.J., and H.J. Chen, Study on large-scale features of dust storm system in East Asia, Meteorol. Res., 10, 57-79, 1987.
[14]Christopher, D.E., and E.B. Kimberly, Survey of fires in Southeast Asia and India during 1987, in Global Biomass Burning, 2, 663-670, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1996.
[15]Collis, R.T.H and P.B. Russell, Lidar measurement of particles and gases by elastic backscattering and differential absorption, in Laser Monitoring of the Atmosphere, E.D. Hinkley, Ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1976.
[16]Condon, E.U., and H. Odishaw, Handbook of Physics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1967.
[17]Cooper, D.W., J.W. Davis, and R.L., Byers, Measurements of depolarization by dry and humidified salt aerosols using lidar analogue, J. Aerosol Sci., 5, 117-123, 1974.
[18]Dentener, F.J., G.R. Carmichael, Y. Zhang, J. Lelieveld, and P.J. Crutzen, Role of mineral aerosol as a reactive surface in the global troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22869-22889, 1996.
[19]Duce, R.A., C.K. Unni, B.J. Ray, J.M. Prospero, and J.T. Merrill, Long-range atmospheric transport of soil dust from Asia to the tropical North Pacific: Temporal variability, Science, 209, 1522-1524, 1980.
[20]Eck, T.F., B.N. Holben, J.S. Reid, O. Dubovik, A. Smirnov, N.T. O’Neill, I. Slutsker, and S. Kinne, Wavelength dependence of the optical depth of biomass burning, urban, and desert dust aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 31333-31349, 1999.
[21]Fernald, F., B. Herman, and J. Reagan, Determination of aerosol height distribution by lidar, J. Appl. Meteorol., 11, 482-489, 1972.
[22]Fishman, J., and V.G. Brackett, The climatological distribution of tropospheric ozone derived from satellite measurements using version 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer and stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment data sets, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 19275-19278, 1997.
[23]Gillette, D.A., G.J. Stensland, A.L. Williams, W. Barnard, D. Gatz, P.C. Sinclair, and T.C. Johnson, Emissions of alkaline elements calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium from open sources in the contiguous United States, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 6, 437-457, 1992.
[24]Gras, J.L., Southern hemisphere tropospheric aerosol microphysics, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 5345-5356, 1991.
[25]Griffing, G.W., Relations between the prevailing visibility, nephelometer scattering coefficient and sunphotometer turbidity coefficient, Atmos. Environ., 14, 577-584, 1980.
[26]Hale, G.M., and M.R. Querry, Optical constants of water in the 200-nm to 200-m wavelength region, Appl. Opt., 12, 555-563, 1973.
[27]Hamonou, E., P. Chazette, D. Balis, F. Dulac, X. Schneider, E. Galani, G. Ancellet, and A. Papayannis, Characterization of the vertical structure of Saharan dust export to the Mediterranean basin, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22257-22270, 1999.
[28]Hanel G., The properties of atmospheric aerosol particles as function of the relative humidity at thermodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding moist air, Adv. Geophy., 19, 73-188, 1976.
[29]Hansen, J.E., and L.D. Travis, Light scattering in planetary atmospheres, Space Sci. Rev., 16, 527-610, 1974.
[30]Hayasaka, T., Y. Meguro, Y. Sasano, and T. Takamura, Stratification and size distribution of aerosols retrieved from simultaneous measurements with lidar, a sunphotometer, and an aureolemeter, Appl. Opt., 37, 961-970, 1998.
[31]Haywood, J.M., and K.D. Shine, The Effect of Anthropogenic Sulfate and Soot Aerosol on the Clear Sky Radiation Budget, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 603-606, 1995.
[32]Haywood, J.M., S.R. Osborne, P.N. Francis, A. Keil, P. Formenti, M.O. Andreae, and P.H. Kaye, The mean physical and optical properties of regional haze dominated by biomass burning aerosol measured from the C-130 aircraft during SAFARI 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8473, 2003.
[33]Haywood, J.M., P.N. Francis, S.R. Osborne, M. Glew, N. Loeb, E. Highwood, D. Tanre, G. Myhre, P. Formenti, and E. Hirst, Radiative properties and direct radiative effect of Saharan dust measured by the C-130 aircraft during SHADE: 1. Solar spectrum, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8577, 2003.
[34]Hegg, D. A., L.F. Radke, and P.V. Hobbs, Particle Production Associated with Marine Clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 13917-13926, 1990.
[35]Hegg, D., T. Larson, and P.-F. Yuen, A theoretical study of the effect of relative humidity on light scattering by tropospherical aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18435-18439, 1993.
[36]Hertzog, A., C. Souprayen, and A. Hauchecorne, Observation and backward trajectory of an inertio-gravity wave in the lower stratosphere, Anna. Geophys., 19, 1141-1155, 2001.
[37]Hess, M., P. Koepke, and I. Schult, Optical properties of aerosols and clouds: The software package OPAC, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 831-844, 1998.
[38]Hobbs, P.V., Aerosol-cloud interactions, in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions, Academic, San Diego, Calif., pp.33-73, 1993.
[39]Hofmann, D.J., Twenty years of Balloon-Borne tropospheric aerosol measurements at Laramie, Wyoming, J. Geophy. Res., 98, 12753-12766, 1993.
[40]Holben, B. N., T. F. Eck, and R.S. Fraser, Temporal and spatial variability of aerosol optical depth in the Sahel region in relation to vegetation remote sensing, Int. J. Remote Sens., 12, 1147-1163, 1991.
[41]Holtslag, A.M.M., D. DeBruijn, and C. Pan, A high resolution air mass transformation model for short-range weather forecasting, Mon. Weather Rev., 118, 1561-1575, 1990.
[42]Hooper, W.P., and E. Eloranta, Lidar measurements of wind in the planetary boundary layer: the method, accuracy and results from joint measurements with radiosonde and kytoon, J. Climate Appl. Meteorol., 25, 990-1001, 1986.
[43]Hsu, N.C., Radiative impacts from biomass burning in the presence of clouds during boreal spring in southeast Asia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1224, 2003.
[44]Husar, R.B., D.M. Tratt, B.A. Schichtel, S.R. Falke, F. Li, D. Jaffe, S. Gasso, T. Gill, N.S. Laulainen, F. Lu, M.C. Reheis, Y. Chun, D. Westphal, B.N. Holben, C. Gueymard, I. McKendry, N. Kuring, G.C. Feldman, C. McClain, R.J. Frouin, J. Merrill, D. DuBois, F. Vignola, T. Murayama, S. Nickovic, W.E. Wilson, K. Sassen, N. Sugimoto, and W.C. Malm, Asian dust events of April 1998, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18317-18330, 2001.
[45]Ikegami, M., K. Okada, Y. Zaizen, and Y. Makino, Aerosol particles in the middle troposphere over the northern Pacific, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 71, 517-528, 1993.
[46]Iwasaka, Y., M. Yamato, R. Imasu, and A. Ono, Transport of Asian dust (KOSA) particles; importance of weak KOSA events on the geochemical cycle of soil particles, Tellus, 40B, 494-503, 1988.
[47]Jackson, J.D., Classical Electrodynamics, 2nd edition, Wiley, New York, 1990.
[48]John, W.F., W.A. Hoppel, G.M. Frick, and R.E. Larson, Aerosol size distributions and optical properties found in the marine boundary layer over the Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 36593664, 1990.
[49]Kaufman, Y.J., A. Setzer, D. Ward, D. Tanre, B.N. Holben, P. Menzel, M.C. Pereira, and R. Rasmussen, Biomass burning airborne and spaceborne experiment in the Amazonas (BASE-A), J. Geophys. Res., 97, 14581-14599,1992.
[50]Kaufman, Y.J., D. Tanre, and O. Boucher, A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system, Nature, 419, 215-223, 2002.
[51]Kim, Y.S., Y. Iwasaka, G.-Y. Shi, Z. Shen, D. Trochkine, A. Matsuki, D. Zhang, T. Shibata, M. Nagatani, and H. Nakata, Features number concentration-size distributions of aerosols in the free atmosphere over the desert areas in the Asian continent: balloon-borne measurements at Dunhuang, China, water, Air, and Soil Pollution: Focus 3, 147-159, 2003.
[52]King, M.D., Y.J. Kaufman, D. Tanre, and T. Nakajima, Remote sensing of tropospheric aerosols from space: past, present, and future, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 80, 2229-2259, 1999.
[53]Kirchhoff, V.W.J.H, R.A. Barnes, and A.L. Torres, Ozone climatology at Natal, form in situ ozonesonde data, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 10899-10909, 1991.
[54]Klett, J.D., Stable analytical inversion solution for processing lidar returns, Appl. Opt., 20, 211-220, 1981.
[55]Kobayashi, A., S. Hayashida, S. Okada, and Y. Iwasaka, Measurements of the depolarization properties of KOSA (Asian Dust-storm) particles by a laser radar in spring 1983, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 63, 144-149, 1985.
[56]Krekov, G.M., Models of atmospheric aerosols. In: Jennings, S.G. (Ed.), Aerosol Effects on Climate, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Ariz, 1993.
[57]Kurosaki, Y., and M. Mikami, Recent frequent dust events and their relation to surface wind in East Asia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 14, 1736, 2003.
[58]Kwon, S.A., Y. Iwasaka, T. Shibata, and T. Sakai, Vertical distribution of atmospheric particles and water vapor densities in the free troposphere: Lidar measurement in sprint and summer in Nagoya, Japan, Atmos. Environ. 31, 1459-1465, 1997.
[59]Lagrosas, N., Y. Yoshii, H. Kuze, N. Takeuchi, S. Naito, A. Sone, and H. Kan, Observation of boundary layer aerosols using a continuously operated, portable lidar system, Atmos. Environ., 38, 3885-3892, 2004.
[60]Laurent, M., C. Flamant, J. Pelon, and P.H. Flamant, Urban boundary-layer height determination from lidar measurements over the Paris area, Appl. Opt., 38, 945-954, 1999.
[61]Lefrere, J., J. Pelon, C. Cahen, A. Hauchecorne, and P. Flamant, Lidar survey of the post Mt. St. Helens stratospheric aerosol at Haute Provence Observatory, Appl. Opt., 20, 1116-1117, 1981.
[62]Liao, H., and J.H. Seinfeld, Radiative forcing by mineral dust aerosol: sensitivity to key variables. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31637-31645, 1998.
[63]Li-Jones, X., and J.M. Prospero, Variations in the size distribution of non-sea-salt sulfate aerosol in the marine boundary layer at Barbados: Impact of African dust, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 16073-16084,1998a.
[64]Li-Jones, X., H.B. Maring, and J.M. Prospero, Effect of relative humidity on light scattering by mineral dust aerosol as measured in the marine boundary layer over the tropical Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31113-31121,1998b.
[65]Lin, C.Y., S.C. Liu, C.C.-K Chou, T.H. Liu, C.T. Lee, C.S. Yuan, C.J. Shiu, and C.Y. Young, Long-range transport of Asian dust and air pollutants to Taiwan, TAO, 15, 759-784, 2004.
[66]Lin, T.H., Long-range transport of yellow sand to Taiwan in Spring 2000: observed evidence and simulation, Atmos. Environ., 35, 5873-5882, 2001.
[67]Liu, Z., N. Sugimoto, and T. Murayama, Extinction-to-backscatter ratio of Asian dust observed with high-spectral-resolution lidar and Raman lidar, Appl. Opt., 41, 2760-2767, 2002.
[68]Mason, B.J., The Physics of Clouds, 2nd Edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1971.
[69]Menut, L., C. Flamant, J. Pelon, and P.H. Flamant, Urban boundary-layer height determination from lidar measurements over the Paris area, Appl. Opt., 38, 945-954, 1999.
[70]Muller, D., O. Dubovik, A. Sinyuk, I. Mattis, U. Wandinger, and A. Ansmann, Aerosol characterization with EARLINET Raman lidar and AERONET Sun photometer, Opt. Pur. y Apl., 37, 3581-3584, 2004.
[71]Murayama, T., H. Okamoto, N. Kaneyasu, H. Kamataki and K. Minra, Application of lidar depolarization measurement in the atmospheric boundary layer: Effects of dust and sea-salt particles, J. Geophy. Res. 104, 31781-31792, 1999.
[72]Murayama, T., N. Sugimoto, I. Uno, K. Kinoshita, K. Aoki, N. Hagiwara, Z. Liu, I. Matsui, T. Sakai, T. Shibata, K. Arao, B.J. Sohn, J.G. Won, S.C. Yoon, T. Li, J. Zhou, H. Hu, M. Abo, K. Iokibe, R. Koga, and Y. Iwasaka, Ground-based network observation of Asian dust events of April 1998 in east Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18345-18359, 2001.
[73]Nair, P.V.N., and K.G. Vohra, Growth of aqueous sulphuric acid droplets as a function of relative himidity, J. Aerosol Sci. 6, 265-271, 1975.
[74]Nair, P.V.N., P.V. Joshi, U.C. Mishra, and K.G. Vohra, Growth of Aqueous solution droplets of and in the atmosphere, J. atmos. Sci. 40,107-115, 1983.
[75]Nakajima, T., M. Tanaka, M. Yamano, M. Shiobara, K. Arao, and Y. Nakainishi, Aerosol optical characteristics in the yellow sand events observed in May, 1982 at Nagasaki Part Ⅱ models, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 67, 279-291, 1989.
[76]Noel, V., H. Chepfer, G. Ledanois, A. Delaval, and P.H. Flamant, Classification of particle effective shape ratios in cirrus clouds based on the lidar depolarization ratio, Appl. Opt. 41, 4245-4257, 2002.
[77]O’Neill, N.T., K.B. Strawbridge, S. Thulasiraman, J. Zhang, A. Royer, and J. Freemantle, Optical coherency of sunphotometry, sky radiometry and lidar measurements during the early phase of Pacific 2001, Atmos. Environ., 38, 5887-5894, 2004.
[78]Okada, K., H. Naruse, and T. Tanaka, X-ray spectrometry of individual Asia dust-storm particles over the Japanese islands and the North Pacific ocean, Atmos. Environ., 24A, 1369-1378, 1990.
[79]Oke, T.R., The energetic basis of the urban heat island, Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society, 108, 1-24, 1982.
[80]Oke, T.R., Boundary-Layer Climates, Routledge, London, 1987.
[81]Osborne, S.R., and J.M. Haywood, Aircraft observations of the microphysical and optical properties of major aerosol species, Atmos. res., 73, 173-201, 2005.
[82]Pleim, J.E., and A. Xiu, Development and testing of a surface flux and planetary boundary layer model for application in mesoscale models, J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, 16-32, 1988.
[83]Quijano, A.L., N. Sokolik, and O.B. Toon, Radiative heating rates and direct radiative forcing by mineral dust in cloudy atmospheric conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 12207-12219, 2000.
[84]Russell, L.M., S.N. Pandis, and J.H. Seinfeld, Aerosol Production and Growth in the Marine Boundary Layer, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20989-21003, 1994.
[85]Russell, L.M., and J.H. Seinfeld, Size-and composition-resolved aerosol chemistry and physics model, Aerosol Science and Technology, 28, 403-416, 1998.
[86]Sakai, T., T. Shibata, S.A. Kwon, Y.S. Kim, K. Tamura, Y. Iwasaka, Free tropospheric aerosol backscatter, depolarization ratio, and relative humidity measured with the Raman lidar at Nagoya in 1994-1997: contributions of aerosols from the Asian Continent and the Pacific Ocean, Atmos. Environ., 34, 431-442, 2000.
[87]Sakai, T., T. Shibata, K. Hara, M. Kido, K. Osada, M. Hayashi, K. Matsunaga, and Y. Iwasaka, Raman lidar and insitu aircraft measurements of free tropospheric aerosol particles over Japan, SPIE, 4153, 547-558, 2001.
[88]Sakai, T., T. Shibata, Y. Iwasaka, T. Nagai, M. Nakazato, T. Matsumura, A. Ichiki, Y.S. Kim, K. Tamura, D. Troshkin, S. Hamdi, Case study of Raman lidar measurements of Asian dust events in 2000 and 2001 at Nagoya and Tsukuba, Japan, Atmos. Environ., 36, 5479-5489, 2002.
[89]Sasano,Y., E.V. Browell, and S. Ismail, Error caused by using a constant extinction/backscatter ratio in the lidar solution, Appl. Opt. 24, 3929-3932, 1985.
[90]Sassen, K., H. Zhao, and B.-K. Yu, Backscatter laser depolarization studies of simulated stratospheric aerosols: crystallized sulfuric acid droplets, Appl. Opt., 28, 3024-3029, 1989.
[91]Shine, K.P., and P.M.D.F. Forster, The effect of human activity on radiative forcing of climate change: A review of recent developments, Global Planet. Change, 20, 205-225, 1999.
[92]Spinhirne, J.D., J.A. Reagan, and B.M. Herman, Vertical distribution of aerosol extinction cross section and inference of aerosol imaginary index in the troposphere by lidar technique, J. Appl. Meteor., 19, 426-438, 1980.
[93]Steven, J. A., J.M. Haywood, E.J. Highwood, J. Li, and P.R. Buseck, Evolution of biomass burning aerosol properties from an agricultural fire in southern Africa, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1783-1786, 2003.
[94]Stull, R.B., An introduction to boundary layer meteorology, Kluwer Academic Pulishers, Dordrecht, 1988.
[95]Sugimoto, N., I. Matsui, Z. Liu, A. Shimizu, I. Tamamushi, and K. Asai, Observation of aerosols and clouds using a two-wavelength polarization Lidar during the Nauru99 experiment, Sea and Sky, 76, 93-98, 2000.
[96]Takamura, T., and Y. Sasano, Ratio of aerosol backscatter to extinction coefficients as determined from angular scattering measurements for use in atmospheric lidar applications, Opt. Quantum Electron., 19, 293-302, 1987.
[97]Tang, I.N., Chemical and size effects of hygroscopic aerosols on light scattering coefficients, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19245-19250, 1996.
[98]Taupin, F.G., M. Bessafi, S. Baldy, and P.J. Bremaud, Tropospheric ozone above the southwestern Indian Ocean is strongly linked to dynamical conditions prevailing in the tropics, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 8057-8066, 1999.
[99]Taylor, D.A., Dust in the wind, Environ. Health Perspect., 110, A80-A87, 2002.
[100]Thompson, A.M., K.E. Pickering, D.P. McNamara, M.R. Schoeberl, R.D. Hudson, J.H. Kim, E.V. Browell, V.W.J.H. Kirchhoff and D. Nganga, Where did tropospheric ozone over southern Africa and the troptical Atlantic come from in October 1992? Insights from TOMS, GTE TRACE A, and SAFARI 1992, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 24251-24278, 1996.
[101]Thompson A.M., R.D. Hudson., Tropical tropospheric ozone (TTO) maps from Nimbus 7 and Earth Probe TOMS by the modified-residual method: Evaluation with sondes, ENSO signals, and trends from Atlantic regional time series, J. Geophys. Res. 104 26961-26975, 1999.
[102]Toon, O.B., J.B. Pollack, and B.N. Khare, The optical constants of several atmospheric aerosol species: ammonium sulfate, aluminium oxide, and sodium chloride, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 5733-5748, 1976.
[103]Van de Hulst, H.C., Light scattering by small particles, pp.320, Wiley, New York, 1957.
Van de Hulst, H.C., Light scattering by small particles, Dover, New York, pp.414-439, 1981.
[104]Volten, H., O. Munoz, E. Rol, J.F. de Haan, W. Vassen, and J.W. Hovenier, Scattering matrices of mineral aerosol particles at 441.6 nm and 632.8 nm, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 17375-17401, 2001.
[105]Wallace, J.M., and P.V. Hobbes, Atmospheric Science: An Introductory Survey. Academic Press Inc., USA, pp.149-236, 1977.
[106]Wandinger, U., A. Ansmann, J. Reichardt, and T. Deshler, Determination of stratospheric aerosol microphysical properties from independent extinction and backscattering measurements with a Raman lidar, Appl. Opt., 34, 8315-8329, 1995.
[107]Weber, A., S.P.S. Porto, L.E. Cheesman, and J. J. Barrett, High-resolution Raman spectroscopy of gases with cw-laser excitation, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 57, 19-28, 1967.
[108]Wexler, A.S., and J.H. Seinfeld, Analysis of Aerosol Ammonium- Nitrate : Departures from Equilibrium during SCAQS, Atmos. Environ., 26 A, 579-591, 1992.
[109]World Climate Program (WCP), A preliminary Cloudless Standard Atmosphere for Radiation Computation, World Meteorol. Organ., Geneva, 1986.
[110]Zhang, Y., Y. Sunwoo, V. Kotamarthi and G.R., Carmichael, Photochemical oxidant processes in the presence of dust; An evaluation of the impact of dust on particulate nitrate and ozone formation, J. Appl. Meteorol., 33, 813-824,1994.
[111]Zhang, Y., and G.R. Carmichael, The role of mineral aerosol in tropospheric chemistry in east Asia- a model study, Am. Meteorol. Soc., 38, 353-366, 1999.
[112]Zhao, B., and X. Yu, On eastern asian dust storm, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 7, 11-26, 1990.
Zhou. j., G. Yu, C. Jin, F. Qi, D. Liu, H. Hu, Z. Gong, G. Shi, T. Nakajima, and T. Takamura, Lidar observations of Asian dust over Hefei, China, in spring 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4252, 2002.
[113]Ziemke, J.R., and S. Chandra, Comments on “Tropospheric ozone derived from TOMS/SBUV measurements during TRACE A” by J. Fishman et al., J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13903-13906, 1998.
[114]江智偉,偏振雷達對卷雲的量測,碩士論文,1999。
[115]胡歡陵、胡順星,中國科學院安徽光學精密機械研究所。
[116]柳中明、楊之遠、彭立新、錢正安,沙塵暴的過去、現在和未來,大陸沙塵暴對台灣地區空氣品質影響與預測研討會,1-20,2001。
[117]陳韡鼐,中壢上空10-30公里間的卷雲、氣溶膠、溫度的量測與光散射性質之研究, 博士論文,2002。
[118]陳韡鼐,中央研究院環境變遷研究中心博士後研究員,個人通訊,2005。
[119]陳佩娟,沿海地區大氣中懸浮微粒化學特性分析研究,碩士論文,2003。
[120]林筱雯,東亞生質燃燒的區域影響,碩士論文,2003。 |