圓柱體形建築物表面風壓之實驗研究

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姓名

李肇軒(Tsao-Hsuan Li) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

圓柱體形建築物表面風壓之實驗研究
(pressure distribution on the surface of three-dimensional circular cylinder in a boundary layer flow)

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摘要(中)

本研究以風洞實驗的方式探討邊界層流中三維圓柱體形建築物表面的壓力分佈情形。實驗條件包括光滑圓柱體以及兩種不同粗糙度的圓柱體，實驗中使用電子式壓力掃描器，可同時量測多個位置的瞬時壓力。由實驗結果可計算得建築物表面的平均、擾動、最大壓力分佈與流場分離點位置。研究結果顯示：圓柱體的最大擾動壓力發生在最大負壓發生處；當圓柱體粗糙程度增加時，圓柱體的最大負壓和擾動壓力隨之減少。且最大負壓發生處和圓柱體分離點的平均位置皆會隨著粗糙度增加而往迎風方向移動，分離點移動的範圍則會隨著粗糙度增加而變小。風壓頻譜顯示渦流逸散頻率為12 Hz，史徹荷數為0.21，與二維圓柱體的史徹荷數相近。本研究之結果可幫助吾人瞭解對邊界層流中三維圓柱體表面粗糙度對流況與壓力分佈的影響，可供相關工程設計之參考。

摘要(英)

This study experimentally investigates the pressure distribution on the surface of three-dimensional circular cylinder in a boundary layer flow. The experiments were carried out in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel. The flow conditions include three different kinds of surface roughness. Instantaneous fluctuating wind pressures were measured by an electronic pressure scanner. Based on the pressure measurement, the distributions of mean, rms Cprms, peak pressure Cpp and separation point can be calculated. It was found that the maximum Cprms occurs at the location of minimum negative pressure. Also, the separation point and the location of minimum negative pressure will move toward upstream direction as surface roughness increase. Even under the same surface roughness, the separation point will move within certain range in turbulent flow. The moving range of separation point will decrease as surface roughness increase. The experimental results also revealed that the probability of pressure fluctuations for positive pressure are close to the Gaussian distribution function. On the other hand, negative pressure side was skewed and did not necessary follow Gaussian distribution.

關鍵字(中)

★ 圓柱體
★ 擾動壓力
★ 粗糙度

關鍵字(英)

★ pressure fluctuation
★ surface roughness
★ circular cylinder

論文目次

中文摘要…………………………………………………………i
英文摘要…………………………………………………ii
目錄………………………………………………………iii
圖目錄……………………………………………………vi
表目錄……………………………………………………xi
符號表……………………………………………………xii
第一章緒論…………………………………………1
1.1 前言…………………………………………………1
1.2 研究動機……………………………………………2
1.3 研究內容及大綱……………………………………2
第二章理論基礎與文獻回顧………………………3
2.1 大氣邊界層…………………………………………3
2.2 大氣紊流特性………………………………………5
2.2.1 紊流強度…………………………………………5
2.2.2 雷諾剪應力………………………………………6
2.3 風流經圓柱體之行為………………………………7
2.4 表面風壓……………………………………………7
2.5 風洞模擬與邊界層流流場相性……………………10
2.6 準穩態假設…………………………………………14
2.7 前人文獻回顧………………………………………17
第三章實驗設備與方法……………………………23
3.1 大型環境風洞………………………………………23
3.2 風速量測方法………………………………………24
3.3 壓力量測方法………………………………………26
3.3.1 前人研究…………………………………………26
3.3.2 壓力量測儀器……………………………………28
3.3.3 儀器校正…………………………………………30
3.3.4 壓力量測…………………………………………31
3.4 實驗方法 ……………………………………………33
3.4.1 大氣邊界層模擬與建築物模型…………………33
3.4.2 實驗數據採樣技巧………………………………35
3.4.3 實驗數據採樣與處理……………………………35
3.5 頻譜分析方法………………………………………35
第四章實驗結果與討論……………………………50
4.1 迫近流場……………………………………………50
4.1.1 平均風速剖面……………………………………50
4.1.2 紊流強度剖面……………………………………51
4.1.3 紊流頻譜…………………………………………51
4.2 光滑圓柱體表面風壓………………………………51
4.2.1 平均風壓…………………………………………51
4.2.2 擾動風壓…………………………………………52
4.2.3 極值風壓……………….………………………53
4.2.4 風壓頻譜……………….………………………56
4.2.5 準穩態假設驗證…………………………………57
4.3 粗糙圓柱體表面風壓………………………………58
4.3.1 平均風壓…………………………………………58
4.3.2 擾動風壓…………………………………………60
4.4 圓柱體分離點的探討………………………………61
4.4.1 分離點的界定……………………………………61
4.4.2 分離點位置及移動範圍…………………………63
4.5 擾動風壓的機率分佈………………………………64
第五章結論與建議…………………………………113
5.1 結論…………………………………………………113
5.2 建議…………………………………………………114
參考文獻…………………………………………………………116

參考文獻

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指導教授

朱佳仁(Chia-Ren Chu)

審核日期

2003-6-12

推文