電子零售商的最佳化貨品揀取

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羅國書(Guo-Shu Lo ) 查詢紙本館藏

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工業管理研究所

論文名稱

電子零售商的最佳化貨品揀取
(Optimizing Order Picking in an e-Tailer Company)

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摘要(中)

本研究將在不同的揀貨區域設計、與不同的「顧客選取貨品送達時間的選擇」模式之下，就如HomeGrocer.com或Webvan.com等電子零售商的貨品揀取與處理問題，加以探討並設計其有效的解決方法。HomeGrocer.com或Webvan.com皆是所謂「網路上的超級市場」，由於販賣的東西與經營模式的不同，他們的貨品揀取及處理問題，也有別於傳統物流中心或其他不同性質的電子零售商(如：Amazone.com)。近年來，由於網路科技的進步，個人電腦的普及，與上網的方便性等因素，成就了今日電子商務的發達。至今，已有許多公司加入電子商務的行列，他們均希望藉著電子商務來提昇其競爭力。在這一波電子商務革命中，首先興起的是如Amazon.com與eToy.com等B2C電子零售商。比起傳統有實體店面的零售商，這些無實體商店的電子零售商，雖然可以節省許多與實體店面經營有關的成本，但卻有其獨特的經營管理問題。例如：網頁的維護與更新、貨品揀取與包裝作業、貨品運送、與相關的後勤管理等問題。雖然最近網路電子商店的流行似乎有退燒的現象，甚至有些網路公司因經營不善而倒閉，但吾人相信這是個去蕪存菁的階段，具有創新力、競爭力、與成本效率的公司，將會繼續生存與成長。根據過去的研究=V指出，電子零售商有很大部份的成本是起源於貨品的揀取與處理操作；因此，提昇其貨品揀取與處理操作的效率，是電子零售商提昇其競爭力與降低成本的有效方法之一。另一方面，不同性質的電子零售商，由於所販售的商品項目或經營模式的不同，其貨品揀取與處理問題也會有所差異。例如：Amazon.com與HomeGrocer.com所面對的貨品揀取與處理問題將不完全相同，這是因為HomeGrocer.Com販賣的東西包括生鮮食品，所以在揀貨時、以及揀貨後的包裝運送過程，都需特別注意食品新鮮度，這個考量將影響其貨品揀取與處理的方法。

摘要(英)

In this research, we are going to investigate the order picking and processing problems of an e-tailer company like HomeGrocer.com or Webvan.com under different order-picking area designs and different delivery-time slot selection modes. Different order picking and processing methods will be proposed. In recent years, due to the development of internet and computer technologies, a new way of doing business over internet has emerged. And, this also leads to the birth of E-Commerce. The first batch of internet companies includes those B2C e-tailers like Amazon.com and eToy.com. Unlike traditional retailers like Wal-Mart or K-Mark, e-tailers do not have physical retailer stores. As a result, e-tailers save a lot of money that has to do with the operations of physical stores. Despite of this advantage, e-tailers have their own unique problems. For example, an e-tailer has to maintain its web page and make sure the information on the web page is updated accurately. In addition, an e-tailer has to pick the merchant items in every order and ship them to customers. Many companies have joined the rank of e-commerce companies over the past few years. They might have done so for different reasons. But, one can all be sure that they expect to boost their competitive advantage through e-commerce. Recently, it seems that the enthusiasm for e-commerce has subsided because of the closure of many internet companies. Some people begin to doubt whether conducting business is really the way of the future. However, we believe these unsuccessful stories is part of the selection process in which the best, strongest, and the most competitive companies will survive and continue to grow. For e-tailers, there are many ways that they can do to increase their competitiveness. One of them is to cut down their operation costs. Researchers have showed that a large percentage of cost of an e-tailer is due to the order picking, processing, and shopping operations. Furthermore, many factors can cause the ordering picking and processing problem of an e-tailer to be different from that of another e-tailer. For example, HomeGrocer.com offers fresh meat and produce to its customers, but not Amazone.com. It is obvious that HomeGrocer.com has to ensure that the freshness of its products will not be sacrificed in its order picking, but not Amazone.com.

關鍵字(中)

★ 後勤管理
★ 物流倉儲揀貨作業
★ 物流管理
★ 系統模擬
★ 訂單選取法則
★ 貨品揀取與處理
★ 電子商務
★ 電子零售商

關鍵字(英)

★ B2C
★ e-commerce
★ e-Tailer
★ Logistics Management
★ Order Picking Process
★ Order Selection Policy/Rules
★ Simulation
★ Warehouse

論文目次

摘要.......................................................I
目錄.......................................................III
圖目錄....................................................VI
表目錄....................................................VIII
第一章緒論..............................................1
1.1 研究背景.................................................1
1.2 HomeGrocer與Webvan.com簡介...............................3
1.2.1 HomeGrocer.com 簡介....................................3
1.2.2 Webvan.com 簡介........................................5
1.2.3 HomeGrocer.com與Webvan.com的顧客訂貨流程與貨品揀取與處理流程...........................................................6
1.2.4 本研究問題環境的特色...................................8
1.3 研究動機.................................................9
1.4 論文架構與流程...........................................11
第二章文獻探討...........................................12
2.1 訂單揀貨問題（Order-Picking Problems）...................13
2.1.1 自動存取機（Man-on-Board S/R Machine）揀貨方式的揀貨...13
2.1.2 揀貨員(Order Picker)揀貨方式的揀貨問題................14
2.1.3 無人搬運車（AGV）的途程規劃問題........................16
2.1.4 銷售員旅行問題(Traveling salesman problems; TSP).......17
2.2 訂單批次化問題(Order Batching)...........................18
2.3 AS/R系統的存取貨問題.....................................22
第三章研究方法...........................................26
3.1 揀貨區域設計.............................................26
3.2 方法架構與流程...........................................26
3.3 訂單選取法則.............................................29
3.3.1 種子訂單選取...........................................29
3.3.2 選取配合訂單...........................................30
3.3.3 切割種子訂單與配合訂單.................................31
3.4 揀取路線規劃.............................................32
3.4.1 啟發式演算法...........................................33
3.4.1.1 啟發式演算法流程.....................................34
3.4.1.2 釋例說明.............................................34
3.4.2 模擬退火法.............................................38
第四章實驗分析..............................................40
4.1 模擬實驗設計.............................................40
4.1.1 倉儲環境設計...........................................40
4.1.2 品項單位容積之考量.....................................41
4.1.3 訂單池初始訂單總數.....................................42
4.1.4 揀取車輛負載量.........................................42
4.2 訂單選取方式.............................................42
4.3 環境假設與限制條件.......................................43
4.4 績效評估準則.............................................44
4.4.1 完成訂單的總時間、總距離...............................44
4.4.2 總揀取次數.............................................44
4.4.3 實驗因子組合...........................................44
4.5 模擬結果分析.............................................46
4.5.1 模擬結果...............................................46
4.5.1.1 400筆初始訂單的結果分析..............................46
4.5.1.2 800筆初始訂單的結果分析..............................55
4.5.1.3 1200筆初始訂單的結果分析.............................63
4.6 實驗結論.................................................71
第五章結論與建議............................................72
5.1 研究結論.................................................72
5.1 後續研究建議.............................................73
參考文獻.....................................................74
附錄A、系統畫面介紹..........................................79
附錄C、實驗數據資料..........................................86

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指導教授

何應欽(Ying-Chin Ho)

審核日期

2001-7-12

推文