以地震層析法推求台灣北部地區的速度構造並探討流體的可能分佈

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林靜怡(Jing-Yi Lin ) 查詢紙本館藏

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以地震層析法推求台灣北部地區的速度構造並探討流體的可能分佈

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摘要(中)

本研究將柔性網格的設計技巧加入地震層析法中，以提高波線較密地區的解析度情況下求得台灣北部地區P波波速和Vp/Vs比值的分佈。逆推過程中我們使用中央氣象局地震測報中心所提供的3770個地震的資料，其中共有83107筆P波和44412筆S波的到時記錄。首先我們用棋盤式測試的方法求得最適當的網格間距，並將波線經過較少的網格點值鏈結到其附近的主要網格點值上。逆推結果分別以解析矩陣、導數加權總和、波線通過數總和及特徵模型測試等方法來探討其解析度的好壞在空間分佈的情況。
逆推結果顯示，在0?4公里深時，台灣東部有呈帶狀的低P波波速分佈，其位置與梨山斷層吻合，而在其左側的雪山山脈則呈現相對高的P波和S波速度。另外，西部麓山帶也有低P波和S波速度分佈，其深度可達7公里，推測可能是此區有厚的沈積物存在的關係。同時，西部麓山帶下也有高的Vp/Vs比值分佈，其範圍從沿海附近地區向下及向內陸延伸到雪山山脈下方約20公里處，推論此異常可能是因為存在高的含水飽和度所造成，而其向東傾斜的分佈型態，則可能和西部麓山帶的逆衝斷層構造有關。宜蘭平原北部的淺部4公里內也有高的Vp/Vs異常出現，因為此處也有低的Vp和Vs值且其出現位置與沖繩海槽延伸到宜蘭平原的擴張中心位置吻合，推測可能因為沖繩海槽沿中心軸向兩側的擴張作用使得地表凹陷、沈積物充填和含水飽和度高所造成。另外，本研究也發現沿東經121.75度左右有極高的Vp/Vs比值伴隨低的S波速度分佈，越往北方這些異常區域的分佈越深，經與隱沒中的菲律賓海板塊位置比對，我們發現此異常區域出現在隱沒板塊的上緣，推測可能與板塊隱沒伴隨的岩漿作用有關，但其真正成因仍待未來進一步釐清。

關鍵字(中)

★ p/Vs
★ 分融熔
★ 台灣北部
★ 速度構造
★ 隙率
★ 震層析法
★ 體分佈
★ 體構造

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

摘要 ………………………………………………………………………i
誌謝 ………………………………………………………………………ii
目錄 ………………………………………………………………………?
圖目 ………………………………………………………………………?
表目 ………………………………………………………………………?
第一章緒論 …………………………………………………………………1
1.1研究動機與目的 ……………………………………………………1
1.2文獻回顧 ……………………………………………………………2
1.2.1 LET理論的演進 ……………………………………………2
1.2.2 P波速度構造的研究與應用 …………………………………4
1.2.3 Vp/Vs構造的研究與應用 ……………………………………5
1.3本文內容 …………………………………………………………5
第二章研究區域地質背景 …………………………………………………7
2.1 西部麓山帶 …………………………………………………………8
2.2 雪山山脈 ……………………………………………………………8
2.3 脊樑山脈 ……………………………………………………………8
2.4 中央山脈東翼變質區 ………………………………………………8
2.5 大屯火山區 …………………………………………………………9
2.6 宜蘭平原及龜山島 …………………………………………………9
第三章地震層析法 ………………………………………………………11
3.1 區域地震層析法的原理 …………………………………………11
3.1.1速度構造的逆推原理…………………………………………11
3.1.2 Vp/Vs構造的基本原理……………………………………13
3.2 波線追跡及速度網格設定 ………………………………………13
3.2.1 波線追跡和走時的計算 ……………………………………14
3.2.2 三維速度網格設定 …………………………………………15
3.3同時逆推 …………………………………………………………18
3.4柔性網格 …………………………………………………………20
3.5逆推理論 …………………………………………………………21
第四章資料收集與處理 …………………………………………………23
4.1逆堆資料的收集及處理 …………………………………………23
4.1.1 地震與測站資料蒐集 ………………………………………24
4.1.2 一維初始模型設定 …………………………………………24
4.1.3 網格參數設定 ………………………………………………29
4.1.4 阻尼值的選定 ………………………………………………33
4.2解析度分析 ………………………………………………………33
4.2.1 一般的解析度評估方法 …………………………………33
4.2.2棋盤式測試及柔性網格的設定 ……………………………37
4.2.3 特性模型測試 ………………………………………………38
4.3其他參數設定 ……………………………………………………42
第五章逆推結果 …………………………………………………………43
5.1 三維層析構造分析 ………………………………………………43
5.1.1 與一維P波速度及Vp/Vs模型的比較 ……………………43
5.1.2 平面分析 ……………………………………………………43
5.1.3 剖面分析 ……………………………………………………60
5.2 柔性網格解析度的分析 …………………………………………91
第六章 Vp/Vs比值變化的成因探討 ………………………………………96
6.1 理論上的Vp/Vs比值變化因素 …………………………………96
6.1.1 岩石成分的不同 ……………………………………………96
6.1.2 溫度與壓力 …………………………………………………97
6.1.3 孔隙率及飽和度 ……………………………………………99
6.1.4 部分融熔 …………………………………………………103
6.1.5 其他 ………………………………………………………105
6.2 分區並量化 ……………………………………………………116
6.2.1 大屯火山區 ………………………………………………116
6.2.2 西部麓山帶北部 …………………………………………116
6.2.3 宜蘭平原 …………………………………………………125
6.3 分區綜合討論 ……………………………………………………129
第七章綜合討論 …………………………………………………………131
7.1 P波速度的平均值比較 …………………………………………131
7.2 西部麓山帶 ………………………………………………………133
第八章結論 ………………………………………………………………138
參考文獻 …………………………………………………………………139
附錄A 網格間距為18公里的棋盤式測試結果 ………………………148
附錄B ……………………………………………………………………154

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指導教授

許樹坤(Shu-Kun Hsu)

審核日期

2001-7-18

推文