電滲法運用於抑制鹼質與粒料反應之基礎研究

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姓名

蘇銘鴻(Ming-Hong Su) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

電滲法運用於抑制鹼質與粒料反應之基礎研究

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摘要(中)

本研究主要利用電化學技術，在電場作用下快速將鋰離子送進具有鹼質與粒料膨脹反應潛勢的混凝土試體內，同時將試體內的鈉、鉀離子驅趕出試體，探討通電試體對抑制鹼質與粒料反應的成效，以作為日後能應用於實務上之基礎研究。本試驗的通電模式主要模擬ASTM C1202的試驗程序，在固定通電條件下，針對不同混凝土配比條件（包括水灰比、含鹼當量及粒料活性）、試體長徑比、電流密度、陽極電解液種類及試體齡期等參數變化，一一探討其對通電成效的影響。
研究結果顯示，在電場作用下，可快速的將鋰離子送進混凝土試體內，亦可將大部份的游離態鈉離子驅趕出試體。另外分析通電結果，試驗所探討的各項參數皆明顯影響通電的效果。但由於通電過程中，氫氧化鈣於孔隙溶液中大量沉澱，導致混凝土阻抗增加，因此隨著通電時間的增加，通電的效果越差。不過就整體而言，可預期經過通電處理的混凝土試體對抑制鹼質與粒料反應有一定程度的效果。

摘要(英)

The purpose of this research is to drive lithium ions quickly into the concrete specimens and remove sodium ions and potassium ions form the concrete specimens at the same time under the influence of an externally applied electrical field. The main discussion is about the inhibiting effect of alkali aggregate reaction after concrete specimens were subjected to an electrochemical technique treatment. The experimental procedure is principally to simulate ASTM C1202. In this study, five main influence factors are investigated: different of concrete mix design, dimensions of concrete specimens, current density, the combination type of electrolyte and curing period of concrete specimens.
Results showed that this test utilized a applied potential difference （9 A/m2 current density）can accelerate the transport of lithium ions into or through concrete specimens. Moreover, almost all of free sodium ions were driven out from concrete specimens. Due to a large amount of Ca(OH)2 precipitated during electric treatment, which may have caused its increased resistance to molecular or ions transport. Therefore, the effect of ions transport was getting worse after a time. Overall, it is predicted that concrete specimens treated will inhibit alkali aggregate reaction effectively.

關鍵字(中)

★ 電滲法
★ 鹼質與粒料反應
★ 鋰離子
★ 電流密度

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

第一章緒論……………………………………………………………..1
1-1 研究源起與動機……………………………………………….....1
1-2 研究目的………………………………………………………….2
第二章文獻回顧………………………………………………………..3
2-1 鹼質與粒料反應的種類……………………………………...…..3
2-1-1 鹼-氧化矽反應……………………………………………....3
2-1-2 鹼-碳酸鹽反應…………………………………………..…..4
2-1-3 鹼-矽酸鹽反應……………………………………………....4
2-2 鹼質與粒料反應的機理…………………………………...……..5
2-2-1 鹼質與粒料反應條件……………………………………….5
2-2-2 活性粒料的特性…………………………………………….5
2-2-3 有關鹼質與粒料反應機理之學說………………………….6
2-2-4 鹼質與粒料反應的過程…………………………………….7
2-3 鹼質與粒料反應的徵候………………………………………...10
2-3-1 混凝土構造物外觀徵候…………………………………....10
2-3-2 混凝土構造物內部徵候……………………………………11
2-4 影響鹼質與粒料反應的因素…………………………………...13
2-5 新拌混凝土的預防方法………………………………………...16
2-6 硬固混凝土傳統維修方法……………………………………...17
2-7 鹼質與粒料反應抑制劑發展歷程…………………………...…18
2-8 鋰離子抑制鹼質與粒料反應機理…………………..….………22
2-9 電化學技術用於維修硬固混凝土…………………………...…23
2-9-1電化學去鹽工法……………………………………….……23
2-9-2電化學還鹼工法………………………………………….....23
2-9-3 電化學去鹽與還鹼工法的其它效應……………………...24
2-10 電滲法運用於快速氯離子滲透試験方法介紹……………...25
2-10-1 快速氯離子滲透性試驗（ASTM C1202）………………...25
2-10-2 其它電滲方法的發展…………………………..………..26
2-10-3 影響離子移動的因素……………………….……….…...30
第三章試驗計畫………………………………………………………32
3-1 試驗材料…………………………………………………...……32
3-1-1 水泥………………………………………………………...32
3-1-2 粒料……………………………….………………………..33
3-1-3 拌合水……………………………….……………………..33
3-1-4 摻料…………………………………………………….…..33
3-1-5 電解液………………………………………………….…..34
3-2 試驗規畫…………………………………………………...……35
3-2-1 試驗流程………………………………………….………..35
3-2-2 配比設計……………………………………………….…..35
3-3 試驗儀器設備………………………………………………...…39
3-3-1 粒料處理…………………………………………………...39
3-3-2 試體製拌…………………………………………………...40
3-3-3 試體養護…………………………………………………...42
3-3-4 圓柱試體抗壓試驗………………………………………...42
3-3-5 試體切割…………………………………………………...43
3-3-6 試體前處理………………………………………………...44
3-3-7 通電設備…………………………………………………...49
3-3-8 電解液離子濃度監測……………………………………...50
3-3-9 試體內離子成份分析……………………………………...53
3-3-10 膨脹量變化量測…………………………………….……55
3-3-11掃瞄式電子顯微鏡………………………………….…….56
3-3-12 能量分散光譜儀………………………………….………57
3-3-13 X光繞射分析儀…………………………………….…….57
3-3-13壓孔式孔隙分析儀…………………………….………….58
3-4 初步試驗……………………………………………………...…59
3-4-1 試驗設計與配比…………………………………………...59
3-4-2 材料級配…………………………………………………...59
3-4-3 試驗方法…………………………………………………...59
3-4-4 初步試驗結果………………………………………….…..61
第四章分析與討論……………………………………………………62
4-1 圓柱試體抗壓強度…………………………………………...…62
4-1-1 含鹼當量對抗壓強度的影響……………………….….….63
4-1-2 粒料活性對抗壓強度的影響……………………………...64
4-1-3 水灰比對抗壓強度的影響………………………………...65
4-2 配比變化對通電成效的影響……………………………...……66
4-2-2 配比變化之鋰離子的移動情況…………………………...66
4-2-2-1 配比變化之鋰離子通過試體時間…………………....67
4-2-2-1-1 含鹼當量對鋰離子通過試體時間的影響…….…67
4-2-2-1-2 粒料活性對鋰離子通過試體時間的影響…….…68
4-2-2-1-3 水灰比對鋰離子通過試體時間的影響……….…69
4-2-2-2 配比變化之陽極槽鋰離子的減少量……………..…..69
4-2-2-2-1 含鹼當量對陽極槽鋰離子減少量的影響……….71
4-2-2-2-2 粒料活性對陽極槽鋰離子減少量的影響……….72
4-2-2-2-3 水灰比對陽極槽鋰離子減少量的影響………….74
4-2-2-3 配比變化之陰極槽鋰離子的增加量………………....75
4-2-2-3-1 含鹼當量對陰極槽鋰離子增加量的影響…….…77
4-2-2-3-2 粒料活性對陰極槽鋰離子增加量的影響…….…82
4-2-2-3-3 水灰比對陰極槽鋰離子增加量的影響……….…86
4-2-2-4 配比變化之試體內鋰離子的分佈與含量………..…..89
4-2-2-4-1 含鹼當量對試體內鋰離子分佈的影響………….90
4-2-2-4-2 粒料活性對試體內鋰離子分佈的影響……….…95
4-2-2-4-3 水灰比對試體內鋰離子分佈的影響…………...100
4-2-2-4-4 配比變化之鋰離子移動綜合討論…………..….103
4-2-3 配比變化之鈉離子移動情況……………………….…....103
4-2-3-1 配比變化之陰極槽鈉離子移出量………………..…105
4-2-3-1-1 含鹼當量對陰極槽鈉離子移出量的影響……...105
4-2-3-1-2 粒料活性對陰極槽鈉離子移出量的影響……...110
4-2-3-1-3 水灰比對陰極槽鈉離子移出量的影響………...114
4-2-3-2 配比變化之試體內鈉離子的分佈與含量………..…118
4-2-3-2-1 含鹼當量對試體內鈉離子分布與含量的影響...119
4-2-3-2-2 不同粒料活性或水灰比試體內鈉離子的分布與含量………………………………………..…..122
4-2-3-2-3 配比變化之鈉離子綜合討論………………..….122
4-2-4 配比變化之鈣離子移動情況………………………...…..123
4-2-4-1 配比變化之陰極槽鈣離子的變化趨勢…………..…123
4-2-4-2 配比變化之試體內鈣離子的分佈與含量………..…125
4-2-5 鉀離子的移動情況…………………………………..…...126
4-2-6 試體內氫氧根離子的分佈…………………………….....126
4-2-7 通電過程電壓變化…………………………………….....127
4-2-8 通電過程溫度變化…………………………………..…...130
4-2-9 微觀分析……………………………………………...…130
4-2-9-1 XRD…………………………………………………...130
4-2-9-2 SEM（EDS）…….………………………………….….134
4-2-9-3 MIP…………………………………………………....136
4-2-10 長度量測………………………..…………………….…..136
4-3 長徑比變化對通電成效的影響……………………………....138
4-3-1 長徑比變化之鋰離子移動情況…………………….……138
4-3-1-1 長徑比變化對鋰離子通過試體時間的影響………..139
4-3-1-2 長徑比變化對陰極槽鋰離子增加量的影響………..139
4-3-1-3 長徑比變化之試體內鋰離子的分佈與含量………..140
4-3-2 長徑比變化之鈉離子移動情況………………….………141
4-3-2-1 長徑比變化對陰極槽鈉離子移出量的影響……….142
4-3-2-2 長徑比變化之試體內鈉離子的分佈與含量………..143
4-3-2-3 長徑比變化之綜合討論……………………………..144
4-3-3 長徑比變化之鈣離子移動情況…………………….……145
4-4 電流密度變化對通電成效的影響………………………..…..145
4-4-1 電流密度變化之鋰離子的移動情況………………….…145
4-4-1-1 電流密度變化對鋰離子通過試體時間的影響……..146
4-4-1-2 電流密度變化對陰極槽鋰離子增加量的影響……..146
4-4-1-3 電流密度變化之試體內鋰離子的分佈與含量……..147
4-4-2 電流密度變化之鈉離子移動情況……………….………148
4-4-2-1 電流密度變化對陰極槽鈉離子移出量的影響……..149
4-4-2-2 電流密度變化之試體內鈉離子的分佈與含量……..150
4-4-2-3 電流密度變化之綜合討論…………………………..150
4-5 陽極槽電解液變化對通電成效的影響…………………..…..151
4-5-1 陽極槽電解液變化之鋰離子的移動情況……………….151
4-5-1-1 陽極槽電解液變化對鋰離子通過試體時間的影響..152
4-5-1-2 陽極槽電解液變化對陰極槽鋰離子增加量的影響..152
4-5-1-3 陽極槽電解液變化之試體內鋰離子的分佈與含量..153
4-5-2 陽極槽電解液變化之鈉離子的移動情況………………154
4-5-2-1 陽極槽電解液變化對陰極槽鈉離子移出量的影響.155
4-5-2-2 陽極槽電解液變化之試體內鈉離子的分佈與含量.155
4-5-2-3 陽極槽電解液變化之綜合討論…………………….156
4-6 試體齡期變化對通電成效的影響…………………..………..157
4-6-1 試體齡期變化之鋰離子的移動情況……………….……157
4-6-1-1 試體齡期變化對鋰離子通過試體時間的影響……..157
4-6-1-2 試體齡期變化對陰極槽鋰離子增加量的影響……..158
4-6-1-3 試體齡期變化之試體內鋰離子的分佈與含量……..159
4-6-2 試體齡期變化之鈉離子移動情況…………………….…160
4-6-2-1 試體齡期變化對陰極槽鈉離子移出量的影響……..160
4-6-2-2 試體齡期變化之試體內鈉離子的分佈與含量……..161
4-6-3 試體齡期變化之綜和討論……………………………….162
第五章結論與建議…………………………………………………..163
5-1 結論……………………………………………………...……..163
5-2 建議………………………………………………………...…..164
參考文獻………………………………………………………………165

參考文獻

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指導教授

李釗(Chau Lee)

審核日期

2002-7-10

推文