時頻分析於機械動態訊號之應用

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姓名

黃正義(Henry Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

時頻分析於機械動態訊號之應用
(The application of time-frequency analysis on mechanical dynamic signals)

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摘要(中)

本論文主旨為發展並實現平滑維勒、Choi-Williams分佈與錐形時頻分佈等時頻分析演算法，以改善短時間傅立葉變換無法同時具有優良時間及頻率解析度的缺點，並能減少維勒分佈於時頻面上的干涉鬼影。研究中分別以模擬訊號探討個別時頻分析演算法的特性及優缺點；運用時頻分析法能夠精確解析時變或暫態非穩態訊號分量的特性，應用於傳動元件試驗平台的動態訊號分析上，以計算傳動元件的特徵轉速與時頻分析結果對照的方法，可得知試驗平台的振動與噪音的來源以及傳動元件運轉特性；對於電磁式磁粉煞車作動以致試驗平台停止運轉瞬間，對試驗平台產生衝擊，造成磁粉煞車端有上移的現象，以錐形時頻分析法可詮釋此現象。此外，研究中應用時頻分析於水下聲學訊號探討，透過水下麥克風(hydrophone)量測水下暫態非穩態訊號，包括水中、水面航具及海流等之音響，進行種類鑑別。

摘要(英)

The study aims are developing and implementing time-frequency distribution (TFD) techniques, including the smoothed Wigner-Ville, Choi-Williams and Cone-kernel distributions, to improve time-frequency resolution that spectrogram cannot possess simultaneously and eliminate interferences resulting from the cross terms in a Wigner-Ville distribution as well. Several synthetic signals have been designed to investigate these TFDs’ properties. We utilize the excellences of these TFDs in analyzing the time-variant or transient signals to analyze the mechanical dynamic signal from test-rig and compare with the rotational speed of transmission components to get the cause of vibration and noise on test-rig and the characteristics of transmission components. Also, by analyzing dynamic signal on the electromagnetic powder brake (EPB), we can know that EPB generate an impulse on test-rig at the moment of full stop that make test-rig shake upward around EPB. In addition, we apply TFA to analyze t underwater acoustic signals by using hydrophone to measure transient and nonstationary signal including acoustics of vessels or ocean current to classify targets.

關鍵字(中)

★ 時頻分析
★ 時頻分佈
★ 機械動態訊號分析

關鍵字(英)

★ time-frequency analysis
★ time-frequency distribution
★ mechanical dynamic signal analysis

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目 VII
表目 X
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 相關文獻回顧 3
1.3 本文研究範疇 5
第二章時頻分佈函數 6
2.1 基本概念 6
2.1.1 解析訊號(analytic signal) 7
2.1.2 測不準原理 8
2.2 短時間傅立葉變換 10
2.2.1 離散短時間傅立葉變換 10
2.3 Wigner-Ville 分佈 12
2.3.1 仿維勒分佈 15
2.3.2 平滑維勒分佈 16
2.4 Choi-Williams 分佈 19
2.5 錐形時頻分佈函數 20
2.5.1 有限時間支撐特性 20
2.5.2 錐形時頻分佈函數的定義 24
2.5.3 性質 25
2.6 模擬訊號驗證 26
2.6.1 模擬訊號的種類及分析條件的設定 26
2.6.2 分析結果與討論 28
2.7 Labview 環境下的模擬訊號分析 35
2.8 結語 36
第三章時頻分析應用於機械動態特徵分析 39
3.1 試驗平台與分析操作環境的介紹 39
3.1.1 試驗平台簡介 40
3.1.2 Labview環境下的資料擷取與分析 43
3.2 試驗平台的振動與噪音 44
3.2.1 實驗狀態 44
3.2.2 各元件運轉特性 46
3.2.3 試驗平台於不同負載的振動及噪音 48
3.3 傳動元件轉速計算 50
3.3.1 軸頻率及其諧頻 50
3.3.2 皮帶輪異音頻率 52
3.3.3 齒輪嚙合頻率及其諧頻 54
3.4 電磁式磁粉煞車暫態現象的探討 54
3.4.1 磁粉煞車的作用原理 56
3.4.2 實驗狀態設定 56
3.4.3 實驗結果分析 57
3.5 結語 60
第四章時頻分析於引擎噪音分析之應用 62
4.1 汽油引擎的噪音特性 62
4.1.1 汽缸壓力變化所引起的噪音 64
4.1.2 活塞往復運動所引起的噪音 64
4.2 水下音響訊號分析 65
4.2.1 初步分析 65
4.2.2 時頻分析進階探討 66
4.3 水下複合音響分析 69
4.4 結語 72
第五章結論與未來展望 73
參考文獻 75

參考文獻

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指導教授

潘敏俊(Min-Chun Pan)

審核日期

2002-7-17

推文