博碩士論文 89326013 詳細資訊




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姓名 許添財(Tien-Tsai Hsu)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 環境工程研究所
論文名稱 連續流回分式活性污泥系統好氧相曝氣控制策略之研究-線上即時量測溶氧轉換率與需氧量方法之建立
(The Study of Aeration Control Strategy in Aerobic Phase of Continuous-Flow Sequencing Batch Reactor:Development of Oxygen Transfer Ratio and Oxygen Demand.)
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摘要(中) 經過多年的研究,連續流循序回分式活性污泥系統在自動監測控制系統的發展上,在即時監測控制好氧相及缺氧相的操作時間已有不錯的成果,可達到節省操作時間及提高處理效率的目標。然而目前對於好氧相曝氣量提供方式仍然採取固定曝氣量供給方式,長期操作下,往往造成系統處理成效及污泥沉降性不佳的情形。是故,研擬曝氣控制策略以提昇CFSBR系統整體效率及效益,為現階段發展CFSBR自動監測控制系統的主要工作。此曝氣控制策略主要依據僅提供系統所需氧量的基本原則下,根據溶氧質量平衡關係式,建立曝氣量控制的方法。而此方法得以進行操作,必須根據系統的溶氧轉換率及需氧量的監測資訊回饋控制,故本研究在於建立一線上量測溶氧轉換率、需氧量的方法,以期能應用於好氧相曝氣控制上。由研究結果指出,線上即時量測溶氧轉換率可以判斷出好氧相微生物開始利用系統溶氧的時機,更進一步可以計算出微生物用氧量的多寡。而溶氧轉換率也可以反應出在低溶氧環境下,系統溶氧濃度的微量變化,其累積量更可以模擬出系統溶氧變化的趨勢,可作為使系統溶氧濃度維持穩定的曝氣量修正因子。線上即時量測需氧量的變化可以反應出CFSBR系統氧化態物種的多寡及氧化程度,反應出系統進行硝化反應的型態。進一步應用於輔助判斷好氧相操作終點。且可根據即時量測需氧量的大小,調整曝氣量的多寡,達到節省曝氣能源的目的。
摘要(英) As a simple and compact wastewater treatment system, the continuous-flow sequencing batch reactor (CFSBR) is capable of removing the organic carbonaceous materials, nitrogen and phosphorus biological nutrients by cycling anaerobic, aerobic, anoxic, settling and discharge phases. Therefore, it is suitable to be a water pollution control facility in remote areas and communities without sewer services, especially in Taiwan. Automation is the optimal procedure for increasing the performance of a wastewater treatment system. Since the nitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulating organisms have been recognized as obligatory aerobic bacteria, the aerobic phase of CFSBR was usually controlled under high DO level conditions by fixed aeration densities for eliminating the substrate (ammonia nitrogen and oxygen) competitions with other heterotrophic bacteria, and by the ORP/pH real-time control approaches to ensure the performances of biological nitrogen removal. However, these control approaches always led to poor stability of biological phosphate removal, sludge bulking and highly aeration costs. Therefore, developing an aeration control approach for increasing the comprehensive performance of CFSBR is the critical point in the monitoring and control system development. Since there are two monitoring parameters, oxygen transfer ratio and oxygen demand, have to determined in this developed aeration control approach for feedback control the aeration flow rates. The purpose of this study is to establish the on-line oxygen transfer ratio and oxygen demand measuring approach for developing the aeration control approach in practically. The study results revealed that the oxygen transfer ratios and oxygen demands could be measured. The oxygen transfer ratios could respond the trace variations of DO contents in system and to simulate the profiles of DO. Real-time calculating the accumulative values of oxygen transfer ratio could be applied to modify the aeration flow rates to maintain a specific range of DO contents for estimating the oxygen demands. The variations of on-line oxygen demand monitoring values could indicate the oxidation degrees of system and identify the type of nitrification, which also could be applied to determine the aeration flow rates and control points of aerobic phase of CFSBR.
關鍵字(中) ★ 連續流循序批分式活性污泥系統
★ 自動監測控制
★ 溶氧轉換率
關鍵字(英) ★ oxygen transfer ratio
★ automatic monitoring and control
★ Continuous-Flow Sequencing Batch Reactor (CFSBR)
★ oxygen demand
★ aeration control
論文目次 第 一 章 前 言………………………………………………… 1
1.1 研究緣起…………………………………………………….. 1
1.2 研究目的……………………………………………………... 2
1.3 研究流程……………………………………………………... 2
第 二 章 文獻回顧……………………………………………… 3
2.1連續流循序批分式活性污泥系統之沿革…………………… 3
2.1.1單槽回分式活性污泥法(Sequencing Batch Reactor, SBR). 3
2.1.2 間歇循環延長曝氣系統………………………………….. 6
2.1.3 連續流循序回分式活性污泥系統………………………. 7
2.2 連續流循序回分式活性污泥系統之研究與發展…………... 9
2.2.1 CFSBR即時控制策略的研究…………………………….. 9
2.3 CFSBR系統目前操作上面臨問題的了解與確認…………... 11
2.3.1 CFSBR系統各操作相生化反應機制及其影響因子…….. 13
2.4 傳統活性污泥程序溶氧控制方法…………………………... 24
2.4.1 溶氧設定點控制………………………………………….. 25
2.4.2 攝氧率與呼吸儀………………………………………….. 26
2.4.2.1 呼吸儀的量測原理……………………………………. 26
2.4.2.2量測方法………………………………………………. 32
2.4.3 小結……………………………………………………… 34
第 三 章 研究方法……………………………………………… 35
3.1 線上即時溶氧轉換率及需氧量量測方法之建立…………... 35
3.2 研究設備……………………………………………………... 40
3-2-1 連續流循序批分式活性污泥系統……………………... 40
3-2-2 CFSBR模廠各設備功能………………………………... 44
3.3 實驗設計…………………………………………………….. 48
3.3.1 人工合成基質…………………………………………… 49
3.3.2 動態進流………………………………………………… 49
3.3.3活性污泥………………………………………………….. 50
3.3.4 自動即時控制方式……………………………………… 50
3.3.5 實驗進行………………………………………………… 53
3.4 實驗之分析設備與材料……………………………………... 54
3.4.1 實驗分析設備及水質分析方法………………………… 54
第 四 章 結果與討論…………………………………………… 56
4.1溶氧轉換率的變化趨勢……………………………………… 56
4.2 溶氧轉換率與系統溶氧的關係……………………………... 58
4.3 溶氧轉換率在曝氣控制策略的應用………………………... 64
4.4 需氧量在CFSBR系統好氧相的變化……………………….
4.5 需氧量與CFSBR好氧相反應物種的關係…………………. 65
66
4.6 系統需氧量在曝氣控制策略上的應用……………………... 70
第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………… 72
5.1 結論…………………………………………………………... 72
5.2 建議…………………………………………………………... 72
參考文獻………………………………………………………… 73
附錄一:各循環操作下好氧相溶氧轉換率與溶氧變化趨勢…… 79
附錄二:各循環操作下好氧相第一階段控制at與DO的變化….. 82
附錄三:各循環操作下好氧相溶氧與需氧量變化趨勢………… 85
附錄四:各循環操作下好氧相需氧量與氮系濃度變化………… 88
附錄五:各循環操作下監測參數變趨勢圖……………………… 91
附錄六:各循環操作下水質參數變化趨勢……………………… 94
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指導教授 廖述良(Shu-Liang Liaw) 審核日期 2002-7-22
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