場址特性分析及最大加速度衰減模式校正

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姓名

張毓文(Yu-Wen Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

應用地質研究所

論文名稱

場址特性分析及最大加速度衰減模式校正
(A Study on the Classification of Site Effects and Its Correction inAttenuation Relationship of Peak Ground Acceleration)

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摘要(中)

傳統地震災害潛勢評估皆應用衰減模式作為評估的依據。而局部場址特性對
PGA 有相當大的影響，因此建立PGA 衰減模式時必須考慮測站的場址特性，以
增進評估的可靠度。由於目前台灣測站的場址特性缺乏可靠的分類參考資料，因
此，本研究之目的將利用實測地震記錄分析測站觀測值對參考衰減模式的系統誤
差，建立台灣地區測站場址特性的PGA 修正函數。研究方法主要分為二個範疇，
首先採用Chien(2001) 使用59 個淺源地震分析所得出的衰減模式做為本研究之
參考之衰減模式。由於其分析時並未對測站場址特性加以分類，因此所得結果為
一般性場址適用。利用參考衰減模式得到各測站預測初步之PGA 值，此為第一
階段的計算結果。第二階段分析時則將其對各測站實際觀測值的系統偏差量作校
正分析。分析同時發現各測站之誤差殘值（NR）與對應之觀測值皆呈半對數之
關係，另外也與地震規模及震源距離之關係做比較，分析結果呈現此誤差殘值與
兩者之關聯性不高。因此，顯示對於系統誤差量的修正以測站場址特性之影響為
主，建立各測站場址特性的修正函數，此為第二階段回歸分析之目的。將各測站
由參考衰減模式預估的PGA 值與實測的PGA 值作分析，其間之關係式為
i att i Obs Y C C Y ) ln( ) ln( 1 0 × + = ，並由回歸分析可得到各測站的修正係數C0、C1 值。
如此即可修正測站場址特性所造成之誤差，得到可靠的地動加速度極值。然每個
地震之發生均有其獨特之震源特性，仍會造成預測之不準度。因此，當地震發生
時，PGA 值藉由二階段計算得到後，若能結合速報系統的實測值，將可更準確地
推估台灣地區地震發生後之地表PGA 分怖，作為早期地震災害潛勢評估。
整體而言，經由上述所採用的二階段計算所得之預測結果與實際觀測的結果
已有較佳之相似性，若加入速報系統參考站資料，進行震源特性修正，則可得更
為接近觀測的PGA 值分佈。由結果顯示，加入速報系統紀錄對各測站於二階段
預測結果作震源特性之修正，可降低預測的標準偏差值，因此可做為早期地震災
害潛勢評估之重要依據；同時在大地震發生時，準確之PGA 分佈圖之預估，將
可協助救災指揮系統作緊急應變之參考，運用得宜應可達到減災之目的。

摘要(英)

158
As a result, we can better understand the attenuation characteristics in Taiwan and
can reliably predict the peak amplitude for strong ground motion when an earthquake
occurs. One of the main factors that affect the attenuation relationship is the existence of
site effects. It is believed that the systematic bias mainly comes form the site effects. So,
it is necessary to consider the site effects in attenuation relationship of PGA, and the
result of predicted in seismic hazard will make best. Generally, site effect is one of the
important factors for predicting ground motion. The TSMIP sites still do not be good
classified. So, in this paper, we used two step to predicted the best result in seismic
hazard. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the classification criterion of local
site effect and its influence in the seismic hazard.
First step, we got the first PGA of site by attenuation relationship of PGA from
Chien(2001), which used more than 3000 seismic records from 59 earthquake events are
used to study the attenuation relationship of PGA. The selection criteria are ML > 5.0
and focal depth < 35 km. All events are well recorded by the TREIRS system and
TSMIP system. These events occurred in 1995 to 1999, are widely felt in Taiwan. These
earthquakes are relocated by this study by using both the TREIRS with TSMIP systems
records. The standard deviation of the residuals between the observed and predicted
values (i.e. ln(observed)-ln(att. form) ) are 0.7654.
Second step, the TSMIP and TREIRS site correction C0、C1, can be simplified by
fallowing the law : ln(PGAobs) S=C0+C1*ln(Yatt)S, where (PGAobs) S is the observed
PGA value, (Yatt)S is the predicted PGA value obtained by the attenuation relationship
laws calacted. The selection criteria are ML > 4.0 and focal depth < 35 km. All data of
site are well recorded by the TREIRS system and TSMIP system. The results agree
reasonably well with the surface geology from published maps.
Generally, the attenuation relationship and site corrections represent a statistically
average effect. But, every event possesses its own characteristics, such as the source.
Therefore, we used TREIRS system datas from 75 telemetered strong-motion stations to
estimated the peak ground motions PDS at TSMIP
sites: ) , , ( 1 0 D D R f y PD S s S S
× = ,where S S y is the predicted PGA value obtained by
the attenuation relationship, R is the ratio by observed value at the TREIRS system
station and the predicted value by the attenuation relationship with site correction at the
TREIRS system station, D0、D1 are coefficient to correct the amplification by TSMIP
system station.
With the attenuation relationship and the site corrections data base, we have
embarked on a practical but yet important problem of predicting the PGA values as soon
as a large earthquake happens in Taiwan. The only input this extreme values prediction
calculation system needs is the TREIRS system solution. We expect that the predicted
PGA maps will be useful in earthquake emergency response operations.

關鍵字(中)

★ 衰減公式
★ 場址效應

關鍵字(英)

★ Attenuation Relationship
★ Site Effects

論文目次

摘要................................................................................................. i
誌謝................................................................................................ ii
目錄............................................................................................... iii
圖目................................................................................................ v
表目..............................................................................................viii
第一章緒論.................................................................................. 1
1.1 研究動機與目的............................................................... 1
1.2 文獻回顧.......................................................................... 3
1.3 研究內容.......................................................................... 5
1.4 論文架構.......................................................................... 6
第二章研究對象及記錄資料之選取..............................................11
2.1 台灣地體構造及地質概況................................................11
2.1.1 地體構造.................................................................11
2.1.2 地質概況.................................................................13
2.2 強地動記錄資料庫的選取................................................16
2.3 測站地盤分類比較...........................................................24
第三章參考之衰減模式...............................................................29
3.1 參考之衰減模式分析.......................................................29
3.2 衰減模式之比較..............................................................33
3.3 測站場址特性對地動衰減模式之影響...............................43
第四章地表最大加速度衰減模式修正函數...................................51
4.1 地動值對參考衰減模式之測站系統偏差分析....................51
4.2 地表最大加速度衰減模式之測站修正函數........................55
4.3 衰減模式之系統偏差與修正.............................................62
第五章應用與比較......................................................................68
5.1 二階段預測模式應用於過去災害地震之重現....................68
5.2 早期地震災害潛勢評估之應用與比較...............................77
5.2.1 早期地震災害潛勢評估.............................................77
5.2.2 各測站與速報參考站之相關性分析...........................79
5.2.3 結果與比較..............................................................83
5.3 測站修正函數之應用.......................................................89
第六章討論與結論.........................................................................93
6.1 研究成果.........................................................................94
6.2 研究方法之討論..............................................................94
6.3 結論................................................................................95
6.4 展望................................................................................97
參考文獻..……………………………………………………………..…99
附錄A .……………………………………………………………….....104
附錄B ……………………………………………………………..……109
附錄C …………………………………………………………………..126
英文摘要……………………………………………………………..…166

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指導教授

溫國樑(K. L. Wen)

審核日期

2002-7-1

推文