共振柱試驗之土壤動力性質

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姓名

王金山(Jin-Shan Wang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

共振柱試驗之土壤動力性質
(Soil Dynamic Properties of the Resonant Column Test)

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摘要(中)

本研究利用共振柱試驗儀對渥太華標準砂(C-109)、台北捷運北投機場粉土質土壤、雲林麥寮水力回填砂、越南峴港砂及台中火力發電廠之水力回填煤灰進行共振柱排水試驗，探討平均有效圍壓、相對密度(孔隙比)及剪應變振幅對上述土壤動態性質之影響，建立各土壤之最大剪力模數與孔隙比、圍壓之經驗關係，以及正規化動態性質曲線。可供地盤受震反應分析中選取土壤動態參數之用。
本研究採用美國GCTS公司製造之Stokoe式固定-自由型共振柱試驗系統進行試驗。首先針對儀器不具飽和土壤之功能及剪應變量測系統之缺陷進行改良，改良後共振柱試驗儀之功能已能符合一般試驗之要求，經標準土樣之對比及重複試驗結果，顯示此部共振儀所測試的土壤動力性質試驗結果，頗為良好。之後，針對不同有效圍壓、相對密度(孔隙比)及剪應變振幅之情況，進行上述各種土壤之動態性質試驗，探討各種土壤之動態性質與其相關影響因素。
研究結果顯示，各種土壤之剪力模數隨著有效圍壓及相對密度增加而有增加的趨勢，但隨著剪應變振幅的增加呈現顯著非線性的減小趨勢；阻尼比隨著有效圍壓之增加而有遞減的趨勢，但隨著剪應變振幅的增加而呈現非線性的增加；相對密度(孔隙比)對阻尼比之影響則不明顯。

摘要(英)

The dynamic shear modulus and the damping properties of soil for ground response analysis are influenced by numerous factors. In this research, shear modulus and damping ratio of several soils, including the Ottawa standard sand C-109, Taipei basin silt, YunLin Mai-Liao sand, Vietnam Danang sand and coal ash were investigated by a resonant column apparatus. Reconstituted samples with various initial void ratios were subjected to different mean effective confining pressure and shear strain amplitudes to investigate their effects on the dynamic properties.
Stokoe type fixed-free resonant column device was assembled, calibrated and modified so that reconstituted saturated specimens could be tested at various confining pressure and shearing strain amplitude. The results computed from the resonant column tests of standard soil samples and from Hardin and Richart (1963) were in good agreement, confirming that the assembled resonant column system were operating properly.
The relationship of maximum shear modulus, effective confining pressure and void ratio was established based on the resonant column test results. And the normalized curves of dynamic properties were also established. These results can be helpful in the seismic ground response analysis.
It could be concluded from this study that in certain conditions, shear modulus pronouncedly increases with effective confining pressure and relative density, decreases with shearing strain amplitude. The damping ratio decreases with effective confining pressure and increases with shearing strain amplitude. Effect of void ratio on damping ratio is negligible.

關鍵字(中)

★ 共振柱試驗
★ 動態性質
★ 剪力模數
★ 阻尼比

關鍵字(英)

★ Resonant column test
★ Dynamic property
★ Shear modulus
★ Damping ratio

論文目次

第一章緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究方法與內容 2
第二章文獻回顧 5
2.1引言 5
2.2土壤動力性質之量測方式 6
2.2.1現地試驗 6
2.2.2室內試驗 7
2.3剪力模數與阻尼性質的影響因素 8
2.3.1剪力模數之影響因素 10
2.3.2阻尼比之影響因素 15
第三章共振柱試驗原理 30
3.1 引言 30
3.2 共振柱理論 31
3.2.1共振柱水平扭轉波傳理論之基本假設 31
3.2.2共振柱水平扭轉波傳(運動)方程之推導 32
3.2.3由黏彈性理論計算阻尼比 36
3.3剪應變之計算 41
3.3.1試體變位之形狀函數 41
3.2.3剪應變之量測 42
3.4剪應力之計算 43
第四章試驗設備與試驗方法 57
4.1 試驗設備 57
4.1.1控制系統 57
4.1.2壓力供給系統 58
4.1.3驅動系統 59
4.1.4試體高度變化量測系統 60
4.1.5扭轉量測系統 60
4.1.6訊號擷取系統 61
4.1.7系統特色 63
4.2 試驗設備之改良 64
4.2.1試體飽和度不足之改良 64
4.2.2試體剪應變量測裝置之改良 65
4.3 試體準備 66
4.2.1凝聚性土壤重模試體製作方式 66
4.2.2非凝聚性土壤重模試體製作方式 66
4.4 試驗方法 67
4.4.1基本物理性質試驗 67
4.4.2共振柱試驗 70
第五章試驗結果與分析 86
5.1 試驗規劃 86
5.2 共振柱系統之適用性評估 86
5.2.1標準土壤之對比試驗 86
5.2.2重複試驗 88
5.3 共振柱試驗結果與分析 88
5.3.1剪應變振幅對土壤動態性質之影響 88
5.3.2平均有效圍壓及孔隙比對土壤動態性質之影響 91
5.3.3孔隙比對土壤動態性質之影響 94
5.3.4頻率反應曲線之探討 95
第六章結論與建議 146
6.1 結論 146
6.2 建議 148
參考文獻 150
附錄A 近接度感測器之校正方法 A-1
附錄B 驅動系統質量極慣性矩 (Io)之決定方式 B-1
附錄C 線性差動變壓器 (LVDT)之校正方法 C-1
附錄D 孔隙水壓計之校正 D-1
附錄E 共振柱試驗執行程式展示範例 E-1

參考文獻

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指導教授

黃俊鴻(Jing-Hung Hwang)

審核日期

2004-1-28

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