緩衝材料在深層處置場模擬近場環境下回脹行為基礎研究

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王欣婷(Hsin-Ting Wang) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

緩衝材料在深層處置場模擬近場環境下回脹行為基礎研究
(Swelling behavior of buffer material under simulated near field environment in a deep geological repository)

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摘要(中)

本研究針對放射性廢棄物深層處置場近場障壁工程中，探討近場環境中可能影響緩衝材料回脹性質的各種因素，包含當處置場封閉後初期地下水尚未入侵，緩衝材料無水狀態下遭受高溫作用之土壤粉末乾燥加熱、地下水入侵後形成水熱環境系統、高放射性廢棄物輻射照射造成緩衝材料劣化之粉末輻射照射處理、深層地下水入侵造成含鹽水溶液系統、膨潤土與混凝土反應使pH值提升及試體的尺寸效應等。
本研究試驗材料為台東樟原的日興土，試驗結果顯示(1) 100℃乾燥加熱對回脹行為沒有影響，200℃以內乾燥加熱的試體回脹應變量大幅下降，300℃~400℃乾燥加熱的試體回脹行為呈不規則變化趨勢；(2)日興土回脹應變量隨水熱溫度提昇而降低；(3)經輻射照射後日興土之回脹應變量略為降低；(4)含鹽溶液回脹應變量隨著濃度增加而降低；而在NaCl溶液中日興土最大回脹應變量皆高於CaCl2溶液中；(5)日興土的回脹應變量受溶液系統pH值影響，在pH=13時，日興土回脹應變量大幅提昇。

摘要(英)

Compacted bentonites are attracting greater attention as buffer material for deep geological repository of high-level radioactive waste. Swelling behavior is a significant property of buffer material in achieving the self-healing function. The swelling behavior of buffer material will be affected by near-field environment, including decay heat, radiation, groundwater intrusion, and pH evolution, etc. To find out the impact on swelling behavior, several scenarios expected in the near-field were considered in this research work, including heat treatment, hydrothermal temperature, radiation, saline solution, and pH effect.
The buffer material used was Zhisin clay produced from the eastern coast of Taiwan. Experimental results show that: (1) swelling behavior is not affected by thermal treatment temperature under 100℃, but the swelling strain decreases as Zhisin clay was heated up to 200℃, while the swelling strain varied irregularly at heating temperature greater than 300℃; (2) the swelling strain of Zhisin clay decreases with increasing hydrothermal temperature; (3) radiation causes reduction in swelling strain of Zhisin clay; (4) the swelling strain decreases with increasing electrolyte concentration, and the swelling strain of Zhisin clay in NaCl solution is higher than that in CaCl2 solution; (5) the swelling strain of Zhisin clay is affected by pH of the inundating solution, at pH=13, the swelling strain of Zhisin clay increases markedly.

關鍵字(中)

★ 深層處置場
★ 回脹性質
★ 緩衝材料

關鍵字(英)

★ deep geological repository
★ buffer material
★ swelling behavior

論文目次

摘要.....................................I
ABSTRACT ..................................Ⅱ
圖目錄.................................VIII
表目錄..................................XII
第一章緒論................................ 1
1.1 緣起................................... 1
1.2 研究目的............................... 2
1.3 研究範圍............................... 3
第二章文獻回顧............................ 5
2.1 最終處置場設計概念..................... 5
2.2 緩衝材料之概念與預期功能............... 7
2.3 黏土礦物基本特性....................... 9
2.3.1 黏土礦物結晶構造.................... 9
2.3.1.1 蒙脫石…………………………………11
2.3.1.2 高嶺石…………………………………11
2.3.1.3 伊利石…………………………………11
2.3.2 蒙脫石族礦物性質...................12
2.4 黏土-水-電解質交互作用................14
2.4.1 黏土-水-電解質系統.................14
2.4.2 分散及絮凝結構.....................15
2.4.3 含鹽溶液對黏土結構效應.............16
2.4.4 pH值對黏土結構效應.................16
2.5 擴散雙層理論和模式原理................17
2.5.1 溫度對擴散雙層厚度之影響...........19
2.5.2 電解質濃度及離子價數對擴散雙層厚度之影
響.................................19
2.5.3 pH值對擴散雙層厚度之影響...........20
2.5.4 陽離子水化半徑對擴散雙層厚度之影響.21
2.6 回脹機制及回脹行為....................22
2.6.1 回脹機制...........................22
2.6.1.1 晶格回脹.......................22
2.6.1.2 滲透回脹.......................24
2.6.2 回脹行為...........................25
2.7 處置場近場環境分析....................27
2.7.1 衰變熱.............................27
2.7.2 輻射...............................28
2.7.3 地下水入侵.........................29
2.7.4 近場pH值...........................30
第三章研究計畫...........................31
3.1 研究流程..............................32
3.2 試驗材料..............................33
3.3 回脹試驗..............................33
3.3.1 回脹試驗方法選擇...................33
3.3.2 回脹試體製作.......................33
3.3.3 單向度回脹試驗.....................35
3.3.4 模擬近場環境之試驗方法.............37
3.3.4.1 衰變熱效應......................37
3.3.4.2 輻射效應........................37
3.3.4.3 地下水化學效應..................37
3.3.4.4 pH值效應........................38
3.4 材料基本土壤力學性質分析方法..........38
3.4.1 自然含水量.........................38
3.4.2 比重試驗...........................39
3.4.3 粒徑分析試驗.......................39
3.4.4 阿太堡限度試驗.....................39
3.4.5 活性(Activity).....................39
3.5 材料化學/礦物性質分析方法.............40
3.5.1 化學成分分析.......................40
3.5.2 X光繞射分析儀......................40
3.5.3 FTIR礦物分析.......................41
3.5.4 熱重分析(TGA)......................41
3.5.5 重量損失試驗.......................42
3.5.6 土壤pH反應.........................42
第四章試驗結果與分析......................43
4.1 日興土原礦性質分析....................43
4.1.1 基本性質試驗分析...................43
4.1.2 化學成分分析.......................44
4.1.3 XRD分析............................44
4.1.4 紅外光光譜分析(FTIR)...............45
4.1.5 熱重分析(TGA)......................47
4.2 黏土材料回脹行為......................48
4.3 不同乾密度及試體尺寸之自由回脹........50
4.3.1 不同乾密度之自由回脹...............50
4.3.2不同試體尺寸之自由回脹..............52
4.4 日興土於模擬近場環境下之自由回脹行為..56
4.4.1 乾燥加熱環境中日興土之自由回脹.....56
4.4.2 水熱環境中日興土之自由回脹.........66
4.4.3 輻射照射後日興土之自由回脹.........70
4.4.4 含鹽溶液中日興土之自由回脹.........74
4.4.5 酸鹼環境中日興土之自由回脹.........82
第五章結論與建議..........................92
5.1 結論..................................92
5.2 建議..................................93
參考文獻...................................94

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指導教授

黃偉慶(Wei-Hsing Huang)

審核日期

2003-7-2

推文