金屬粉末射出成形毛細吸附脫脂
數值模擬與實驗分析

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姓名

林澤龍(Tzer-Long Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

金屬粉末射出成形毛細吸附脫脂數值模擬與實驗分析
(Investigation of Wick Debinding in Metal Injection Molding:Numerical Simulations and Experiments )

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摘要(中)

金屬粉末射出成型能夠製造形狀複雜、機械性質優良之淨尺寸工件，其製造程序中以脫脂為最關鍵製程，各種脫脂方法中，毛細吸附脫脂方法可明顯縮短製程時間，因此成為重要的產業技術。事實上，胚體/吸附材的空孔度是隨著控制體積改變而改變，但是文獻上很少人研究，「如何量測這些空孔度分佈情形」以及這些「隨著控制體積改變而改變的空孔度」，如何影響整個脫脂過程。本研究將引用「局部空孔度分佈」概念，並從空孔結構圖像來量測空孔度分佈情形。利用最大熵方法來決定「最適宜空孔度分佈」及「特徵長度」，應用適合度檢定方法，找出最適宜「理論分佈函數」。根據此「理論分佈函數」，藉由「亂數產生器」產生大量空孔度數據，代入數值程式中模擬，其中「特徵長度」將是控制體積邊長依據。數值模擬結果發現，吸附材之潤濕邊界會隨機化的移動擴張，其外輪廓線亦相當不規則，整個脫脂時間與胚體半徑成線性關係。此外，本研究也成功完成一系列實驗，觀察到潤濕邊界移動擴張的情形，並量測脫脂時間、黏結劑在胚體殘留量和在吸附材內之填充量。

摘要(英)

Metal powder injection molding (MIM) can manufacture parts of net-shape with intricate contour as well as mechanical properties. The debinding stage is a critical process. The wick debinding can reduce the debinding cycle time and is a crucial technique. The porosity of the compact/wick varies with control volume, but there are few literatures in determining the porosity distribution of the compact/wick and how the porosity varying with control volume affects the wick debinding process. A local porosity distribution (LPD) is quoted and measured from the digital image of pore structure. Applicable LPDs and typical length scales are then calculated by maximum entropy method (MEM). Proper theoretical porosity distribution functions are adopted to fit the applicable LPDs. According to the theoretical distribution function, a random number generator is used to generate data of porosity with quantitative randomness for numerical simulations. The typical length scale is an important basis for determining the size of the control volume (or grid). The porosity distributions are used in simulations and show the walking flow edges behave randomly, the contours of wetting wick are irregular and the total debinding time is linearly dependent on the radius of the compact. Besides, an experiment has successfully been developed that can observe the phenomenon of the walking flow edges, measure the total debinding time and calculate the percentages of residual binder and the pore space filled. The numerical results agree well with the experimental results.

關鍵字(中)

★ 金屬粉末射出成型
★ 最大熵方法
★ 局部空孔度分佈

關鍵字(英)

★ metal powder injection molding
★ maximum entropy

論文目次

授權書 Ⅰ
推薦書 Ⅱ
審定書 Ⅲ
摘要 Ⅳ
英文摘要 Ⅴ
目錄 Ⅶ
表目錄 Ⅸ
圖目錄 Ⅹ
符號說明 ⅩⅢ
第一章、緒論
1-1 前言 1
1-2 文獻回顧 3
1-3 研究方向 8
第二章量測最適宜空孔度分佈
2-1 定義與原理 12
2-2 試片製作準備 20
2-3 計算局部空孔度分佈 23
2-4 局部空孔度分佈適合度檢定 24
2-5 結果與討論 25
第三章數值方法
3-1 定義與原理 27
3-2 數值模式建立 33
3-3 數值分析 37
3-4 數值流程 39
3-5 估算理論脫脂時間 40
第四章量測脫脂時間
4-1實驗設備與材料 44
4-2實驗程序 45
4-3實驗注意事項 46
第五章結果與討論
5-1數值模擬結果 48
5-2脫脂實驗結果 50
5-3討論 52
第六章結論 54
參考文獻 56
表 63
圖 66
附錄 A Derivation of Shannon’s entropy 108
附錄 B Derivation of Boltzmann’s entropy 111
表目錄
表號名稱頁碼
表2-1 鐵金屬粉末物理性質表 63
表3-1 黏結劑(臘)物理性質表 64
表4-1 鋁金屬粉末物理性質表 65
圖目錄
圖號圖名頁碼
圖 1-1 毛細吸附脫脂示意圖 66
圖 1-2 空孔度量測流程圖 67
圖 2-1 晶格示意圖 68
圖 2-2 (a)有序排列與(b)紊亂排列示意圖 69
圖 2-3 熵與亂度關係圖 70
圖 2-4 試片製作流程圖 71
圖 2-5 胚體製作模具圖 72
圖 2-6 胚體空孔結構圖 73
圖 2-7 空孔度計算方式示意圖 75
圖 2-8 K-S適合度檢定示意圖 76
圖 2-9 局部空孔度分佈與量測長度關係圖 77
圖 2-10 熵與量測長度關係圖 79
圖 2-11 特徵長度下局部空孔度分佈圖 81
圖 2-12 實際與理論局部空孔度分佈比較圖 83
圖 2-13 實際空孔度分佈圖(Type-A) 85
圖 2-14 亂度產生器產生之空孔度分佈圖 (Beta分佈，a=1.3，b=0.85) 86
圖 3-1 曲面上表面張力所造成的壓力差 87
圖 3-2 毛細提升圖 88
圖 3-3 雷文瑞特函數隨飽和度變化情形 89
圖 3-4 液體潤濕示意圖 90
圖 3-5 有限擴散聚集示意圖 91
圖 3-6 達西實驗中雷諾數對摩擦因子關係 92
圖 3-7 物理與計算區域示意圖 93
圖 3-8 控制體積與滲透度跳躍介面示意圖 94
圖 3-9 網絡格子與連絡通道示意圖 95
圖 3-10 數值計算流程圖 96
圖 3-11 理論估算之總脫脂時間與胚體變化關係圖 97
圖 4-1 觀察毛細吸附脫脂過程之實驗裝備示意圖 98
圖 5-1 使用Beta空孔度分佈，脫脂量6.08%時，胚體/吸附材區域的壓力分佈圖 99
圖 5-2 完全脫脂後潤濕吸附材之外輪廓線(使用Beta空孔度分佈)圖 100
圖 5-3 使用均一空孔度分佈，脫脂量12.16%時，胚體/吸附材區域的壓力分佈圖 101
圖 5-4 完全脫脂後潤濕吸附材之外輪廓線(使用均一空孔度分佈)圖 102
圖 5-5 數值模擬計算時總脫脂時間與胚體半徑大小關係圖 103
圖 5-6 在脫脂時間百分比為1.57%, 4.72%, 7.87%, 17.32% 及 100%時之吸附材潤濕的外輪廓線。 104
圖 5-7 觀察實驗之總脫脂時間與胚體半徑變化關係圖 105
圖 5-8 不同粉末胚體脫脂後比較圖 106
圖 5-9 總脫脂時間與胚體半徑變化關係圖 (四種條件：理論估算、空孔度成beta與均一分佈之數值模擬結果、實際實驗量測) 107

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指導教授

洪勵吾(Lih-Wu Hourng)

審核日期

2005-5-23

推文