跨組織資訊系統採用及擴展因素之研究

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趙子仲(Zi-Chung Chao) 查詢紙本館藏

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資訊管理學系

論文名稱

跨組織資訊系統採用及擴展因素之研究

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摘要(中)

網際網路重新定義了跨組織間的關係，在網際網路跨組織資訊系統崛起前，傳統跨組織資訊系統的EDI（Electronic Data Interchange，電子資料交換）是跨組織連結的關鍵科技，傳統專屬EDI長期以來一直是大企業主導，因為大企業在資源上（財力、人力、物力）比中小企業優勢許多，但是在網際網路的興起後，提供了不同的跨組織資訊系統連結的機制和方法，再者網際網路跨組織資訊系統因成本、效率的優勢，更進一步鼓勵中小企業利用網際網路部署創新科技和參與電子化企業的發展，因此對小企業影響的層面大過於大企業的影響（Angeles & Nath,2003）。
本論文目的旨在探討跨組織資訊系統採用及擴展因素之研究，過去研究跨組織資訊系統的採用與擴展關鍵因素皆以調查研究方法或是個案研究方法進行，使得研究分析的因素片段缺乏整體性的考量，因此本研究藉由彙整過去文獻整理分析，提出採用跨組織資訊系統時各項因素考量，以及擴展跨組織資訊系統的考量準則，同時提出網際網路對跨組織資訊系統的影響。
研究結果發現，影響採用跨組織資訊系統的因素有：（1）組織面：組織大小、組織科技政策、上級支持、組織準備情況、內部需要、資訊密度、營運範圍；（2）科技面：認知成本、可觀察性、可試驗性、安全性、相容性、認知利益、複雜性；（3）環境面：信任、外在壓力（客戶、供應商、政府、母公司、競爭者、產業協會、交易夥伴）。影響擴展跨組織資訊系統的因素有：（1）組織面：組織大小、組織科技政策、商業種類、上級支持、組織準備情況、控制程序、執行程序、任務結構、內部文化；（2）科技面：認知成本、安全性、相容性、認知利益、使用階段、選擇EDI標準、VAN的可用性、網站設計；（3）環境面：交易夥伴的態度（信任、承諾、支持、合作關係、交互依賴）、環境不確定性、基礎建設、溝通、全球化因素、權力、產業經驗、客戶和供應商種類、競爭壓力、政府影響。另外Mehrtens et al.（2001）在網際網路的影響下，組織在採用的考量構面與之前無異，但是實質的內容卻發生變化，在組織面的組織準備情況，發現過去顯著的財務資源，在網路網路下的跨組織資訊系統的顯著性降低。過去專業IT人員的科技知識有顯著影響採用意圖，但是現在顯著對象擴展到非專業IT人員的科技知識，而過去外部壓力的主要來源來自於競爭者和交易夥伴，在網際網路下的跨組織資訊系統主要壓力來自於客戶。
而根據彙整研究方法中的投票計數法，發現採用跨組織資訊系統的關鍵因素是：組織面裡的上級支持、組織準備情況；科技面裡的認知成本、相容性、認知利益；環境面裡的外部壓力（客戶、供應商、政府、母公司、競爭者、產業協會、交易夥伴）。擴展跨組織資訊系統的關鍵因素是：組織面裡的組織大小、上級支持、組織準備情況、組織的科技政策。科技面裡的認知成本、相容性、認知利益、安全性。環境面裡的交易夥伴態度（信任、承諾、支持、合作關係、交互依賴）。
在兩階段因素比較下發現，外部壓力是顯著影響跨組織資訊系統的初始採用，其中壓力來自客戶、供應商、政府、母公司、競爭者、產業協會、交易夥伴的影響。而信任關係顯著影響跨組織資訊系統的持續採用及擴展，信任關係來自交易夥伴的信任、承諾、支持、合作關係、交互依賴關係。
網際網路對跨組織資訊系統的主要影響因素是認知成本、認知效益、開放性與封閉性、認知安全性。EDI需投入高度的資源造成中小企業的進入障礙，網際網路以低成本、跨平台特性加速促使跨組織資訊系統的發展。傳統跨組織資訊系統建立在封閉的加值網路，交易夥伴的關係固定，卻缺乏引入潛在客戶的機會，在網際網路開放性的特徵下，可促使更多潛在客戶加入的機會。網際網路上的資料皆是在公共的網絡裡進行傳輸，安全性相較封閉式跨組織資訊系統弱，因此在安全性的基礎建設下需要加強任何安全措施的防範。

關鍵字(中)

★ 電子資料交換
★ 跨組織資訊系統

關鍵字(英)

★ IOS
★ EDI

論文目次

摘要 Ⅰ
目錄 Ⅲ
圖目錄 Ⅳ
表目錄 Ⅴ
第一章緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究目的與動機 4
1.3研究問題 5
1.4研究步驟 6
第二章文獻探討 8
2.1跨組織資訊系統（IOS） 8
2.2跨組織資訊系統定義 8
2.3導入跨組織資訊系統階段 10
2.4變數分類架構 11
第三章研究方法 14
3.1研究程序 16
第四章資料分析 17
4.1採用跨組織資訊系統因素 17
4.2擴展跨組織資訊系統因素 43
4.3 採用及擴展階段之比較 63
4.4 網際網路對跨組織資訊系統的影響 64
第五章??#63809;與建議 66
5.1研究結論 66
5.2 研究建議 68
5.3研究貢獻 69
5.4研究限制 70
5.5未來研究方向 71
參考文獻 75

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指導教授

范懿文、林子銘
(Yi-Wen Fan、Tzu-Ming Lin)

審核日期

2004-6-22

推文